【摘要】： 肇始于歐洲的現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)重要維度就是通過(guò)科技的發(fā)展給人類提供美好愿景的預(yù)期。由于科技的進(jìn)步和各種意識(shí)的交流交融交鋒,現(xiàn)代社會(huì)變得更加復(fù)雜化,相應(yīng)地也更容易發(fā)生分裂。無(wú)論是從基于國(guó)際化邏輯的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)上還是從基于本土關(guān)懷的規(guī)范認(rèn)知上,我們都可以看出,當(dāng)下的社會(huì)已進(jìn)入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)。 自20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范原則在國(guó)際社會(huì)獲得廣泛認(rèn)同,并為許多國(guó)家的國(guó)內(nèi)法所吸收,但我們也必須看到,各國(guó)際文件中對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的規(guī)定也不盡相同。同時(shí),在國(guó)際司法實(shí)踐中,適用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的案例也很少,具有較大的爭(zhēng)議性。這表明,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則在各方面都還不成熟,需要進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則在我國(guó)環(huán)境法已經(jīng)確立,從50年代的確立“預(yù)防為主,防治結(jié)合”的為我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)的基本原則,到對(duì)于規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度表明了我國(guó)的預(yù)防原則正由損害預(yù)防轉(zhuǎn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防。本文基于對(duì)我國(guó)立法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)與國(guó)外制度考察,找出問(wèn)題和不足,進(jìn)而通過(guò)完善相關(guān)制度建設(shè)來(lái)貫徹該原則。 首先筆者分析了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則等概念的基本理論,得出我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)這一結(jié)論,提出處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)中要如何應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如何進(jìn)行防范。緊接著又對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的基本理論依據(jù)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述,如支持風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的倫理基礎(chǔ)、支持風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)——成本效益分析和與可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀中最具特色的公平理論。通過(guò)對(duì)這些理論的分析,我們便可以得知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的確立依據(jù),也更好的對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則進(jìn)行把握。 其次筆者對(duì)外國(guó)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則環(huán)境法律中的制度體現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析。作為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則最為突出的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度、總量控制制度、企業(yè)環(huán)境信息公開(kāi)制度進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解析,以該原則形成和發(fā)展的路徑為焦點(diǎn),分析該原則的發(fā)展軌跡及其所起的作用。 接著筆者將視線轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)內(nèi),通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)的環(huán)境法中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則相關(guān)制度進(jìn)行分析,拷問(wèn)現(xiàn)行相關(guān)制度是否足夠、充分?有無(wú)必要增加新制度?已有的制度設(shè)計(jì)是否存在問(wèn)題?是什么影響到其實(shí)施成效? 最后筆者在對(duì)前一部分分析的結(jié)果上進(jìn)行思考,對(duì)于現(xiàn)存法律制度應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行完善?對(duì)于新領(lǐng)域如生態(tài)安全、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是否需要制定新法?對(duì)于新法又如何保證其實(shí)施效果? 總之,本文在對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則基本理論的研究和對(duì)體現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則的基本制度進(jìn)行分析、整合、對(duì)比,認(rèn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防法律制度應(yīng)該涵蓋三個(gè)層面：一是綜合性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防法律；二是制定專門(mén)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防法律法規(guī)；三是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防方面的其他法律法規(guī),如政府采購(gòu)法等中納入與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則相配套的規(guī)定。而該原則在我國(guó)未來(lái)的發(fā)展路徑是建立具有我國(guó)特色的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防理論和法律體系；強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防的實(shí)施和法律建構(gòu)；建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防體制過(guò)程中的公眾參與機(jī)制；緊密結(jié)合環(huán)境保護(hù)的其他原則和方式方法,協(xié)調(diào)各類原則之間的關(guān)系；加強(qiáng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則之間關(guān)聯(lián)的研究,注重應(yīng)用過(guò)程中面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:One of the important dimensions of modernization in Europe is the expectation of providing a good vision for mankind through the development of science and technology. As the progress of science and technology and the exchange of consciousness, the modern society becomes more complex and more likely to break up, whether from the historical experience based on the international logic or from the historical experience. Based on the normative cognition of native care, we can see that the present society has entered a risk society.
Since the 1990s, the principle of risk prevention has been widely recognized in the international community and has been absorbed by the domestic law of many countries. However, we must also see that the rules of risk prevention are different in various international documents. At the same time, in international judicial practice, there are few cases suitable for the principle of risk prevention. Controversies. This shows that the precautionary principle is not mature in all respects and needs further development.
The principle of risk prevention has been established in China's environmental law. From 50s, the basic principle of "prevention and prevention and control combination" is the basic principle of environmental protection in our country. To the planning and design strategic environmental impact assessment system, the prevention principle of our country is being turned from damage prevention to risk prevention. This article is based on the experience of China's legislation. With the foreign system, we can find out the problems and deficiencies, and then implement the principle through perfecting relevant system construction.
First, the author analyzes the basic theory of risk, risk society, risk prevention principle and so on, and draws the conclusion that we have entered the risk society, and puts forward how to deal with risk in the risk society and how to prevent it. Then the basic theoretical basis of the risk prevention principle is expounded in detail, such as supporting the risk preview. The ethical basis of the precautionary principle supports the economic basis of the principle of risk prevention - the cost-benefit analysis and the most distinctive theory of equity in the concept of sustainable development. Through the analysis of these theories, we can find out the basis for the establishment of the principle of risk prevention and better grasp the principle of risk prevention.
Secondly, the author analyzes the institutional embodiment of the environmental law of foreign risk prevention principles. As the most prominent strategic environmental impact assessment system for risk prevention, the total amount control system and the enterprise environmental information disclosure system are analyzed in detail, focusing on the path of the formation and development of the principle, and analyzing the development track of the principle and the development path of the principle. The role it plays.
Then the author turns his eyes to the home, and through the analysis of the system of risk prevention in China's environmental law, whether the existing system is sufficient and sufficient? Is there a need to increase the new system? Is there any problem in the existing system design? What affects the effectiveness of its implementation?
Finally, I think about the results of the previous part of the analysis, how should the existing legal system be improved? For new fields such as ecological security, do genetically modified foods need to develop new laws and how to ensure the effectiveness of the new law?
In a word, this paper analyzes the basic theory of the principle of risk prevention and the basic system that embodies the principle of risk prevention at home and abroad. It is integrated and contrasted that the legal system of risk prevention should cover three levels: one is the comprehensive risk prevention law; the two is to formulate special risk prevention laws and regulations; and three is the risk precondition. Other laws and regulations, such as the government procurement law, include the provisions of the principle of risk prevention. The future development path of this principle is to establish a risk prevention theory and a legal system with our own characteristics; to strengthen the implementation and legal construction of risk prevention and to establish public participation in the process of risk prevention. And mechanism; closely combining other principles and methods of environmental protection, coordinating the relationship between various principles; strengthening the study of the association between the principles of sustainable development and risk prevention, and paying attention to the economic, social and environmental problems in the process of application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D922.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 楊麗娜;王世進(jìn);;論環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范法律制度的構(gòu)建[A];生態(tài)安全與環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范法治建設(shè)——2011年全國(guó)環(huán)境資源法學(xué)研討會(huì)（年會(huì)）論文集（第一冊(cè)）[C];2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周京星;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防原則在海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法中的適用[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2174029