【摘要】： 近年來,隨著我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的不斷深入,各項(xiàng)措施的逐步推進(jìn),生態(tài)資源有了明顯改善,野生動(dòng)物資源得以生存繁衍,種族興旺。與此同時(shí),野生動(dòng)物致害造成公民合法權(quán)益損失的現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生,由于我國(guó)在野生動(dòng)物致害方面法律不完善,致使受害公民無法得到及時(shí)、合理的補(bǔ)償。野生動(dòng)物是生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要組成部分,通過完善野生動(dòng)物致害方面的法律和相關(guān)理論,不僅可以保護(hù)受害公民的合法權(quán)益,也可以更好的促進(jìn)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的保護(hù),確保生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重新平衡和穩(wěn)定。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物與維護(hù)公民合法權(quán)益的關(guān)系已成為我國(guó)社會(huì)與環(huán)境和諧發(fā)展的重要因素。本文的研究目的就在于查找出我國(guó)在野生動(dòng)物致害方面存在的不足,完善我國(guó)法律體系,豐富相關(guān)理論學(xué)說,從而推進(jìn)我國(guó)法治社會(huì)的步伐,實(shí)現(xiàn)人與野生動(dòng)物的和諧共存。 本文在全面分析我國(guó)野生動(dòng)物致害相關(guān)立法及相關(guān)的理論基礎(chǔ)之上,綜合運(yùn)用分析、實(shí)例、比較等論證研究方法,立足于我國(guó)實(shí)際情況和在以往野生動(dòng)物致害事件中的教訓(xùn),對(duì)我國(guó)野生動(dòng)物致害的立法制定提出了構(gòu)想。首先,從法制的統(tǒng)一和節(jié)約立法成本上角度上,確定了在現(xiàn)行《野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法》中將野生動(dòng)物致害單獨(dú)成章,各地方政府在此基礎(chǔ)上就具體賠償數(shù)額和野生動(dòng)物種類制定地方性法規(guī)的立法體系,然后將野生動(dòng)物致害責(zé)任的性質(zhì)定位為民事責(zé)任。其次,重構(gòu)了野生動(dòng)物致害的責(zé)任認(rèn)定,這其中包括確定了責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則、構(gòu)成要件、免責(zé)事由。第三,在賠償制度上,明確了賠償原則即全部賠償、便民高效、損益相抵、過失相抵原則,賠償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)。第四,在救濟(jì)程序上,進(jìn)一步規(guī)范了賠償?shù)男姓绦?提出義務(wù)主體對(duì)野生動(dòng)物致害的審查為先置程序,細(xì)化了審查的工作流程。同時(shí),增設(shè)了司法救濟(jì)程序。第五,在損害救濟(jì)的資金上,建立以中央財(cái)政為主,非政府組織為輔的多種賠償方式體系,同時(shí)又提出了建立基金專用制度,政府財(cái)產(chǎn)預(yù)算制度,增設(shè)賠償統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告制度,建立配套的賠償基金監(jiān)督機(jī)制,促使資金的使用公開、透明,防止資金被挪用、亂用的現(xiàn)象。從而建立起了我國(guó)野生動(dòng)物致害責(zé)任的完整體系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the deepening of environmental protection in our country and the gradual promotion of various measures, the ecological resources have been obviously improved, the wildlife resources have been able to survive and multiply, and the race has flourished. At the same time, the damage caused by wildlife causes the loss of citizens' legal rights and interests from time to time. Because of the imperfection of the law of wildlife harm in our country, the injured citizens can not get timely and reasonable compensation. Wildlife is an important part of the ecological environment. By perfecting the laws and related theories on wildlife harm, it can not only protect the legitimate rights and interests of the injured citizens, but also better promote the protection of wildlife. Ensure ecosystem rebalancing and stability. The relationship between the protection of wildlife and the legal rights and interests of citizens has become an important factor for the harmonious development of our society and environment. The purpose of this paper is to find out the deficiency of wildlife harm in our country, perfect the legal system of our country, enrich the relevant theories and theories, so as to promote the pace of the society ruled by law in our country, and realize the harmonious coexistence between human and wild animals. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the relevant legislation and related theories of wildlife harm in China, this paper comprehensively applies the methods of analysis, examples and comparison to demonstrate and research, based on the actual situation of our country and the lessons learned from the previous wildlife harm events. The conception of the legislation of wildlife harm in China is put forward. First of all, from the point of view of the unification of the legal system and the cost saving of legislation, it has been determined that wildlife harm will be made into a separate chapter in the current Wildlife Protection Law. On the basis of this, the local governments formulate the local laws and regulations on the amount of compensation and the species of wild animals, and then define the nature of the liability for wildlife damage as civil liability. Secondly, the author reconstructs the responsibility determination of wildlife damage, which includes the principle of liability attribution, the constitutive elements and the reasons of exemption. Third, in the compensation system, the principle of compensation is defined, that is, all compensation, convenience, profit and loss offset, negligence offset principle, compensation standards. Fourth, in the relief procedure, further standardized the compensation administrative procedure, proposed the obligation main body to the wildlife harm examination as the first procedure, elaborated the examination work flow. At the same time, the addition of judicial relief procedures. Fifth, in terms of the funds for damage relief, we should establish a variety of compensation systems with the central finance as the main body and non-governmental organizations as the supplement. At the same time, we have also proposed the establishment of a special fund system, a budget system for government property, and an additional system for statistical reporting on compensation. Establish a supporting compensation fund supervision mechanism to promote the use of funds in an open and transparent way to prevent funds from being misappropriated and misused. Thus established our country wild animal damage responsibility complete system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D923;D922.68

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本文編號(hào)：2157615