論環(huán)境權(quán)的可訴性
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-30 07:44
【摘要】：環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性法律制度歸根到底就是保護(hù)環(huán)境權(quán),它是使環(huán)境權(quán)如何成為一項(xiàng)法定的權(quán)利,如何與現(xiàn)有的公民基本權(quán)利相協(xié)調(diào),如何使它成為一項(xiàng)公民可以獲得而且實(shí)施的現(xiàn)實(shí)權(quán)利,以及如何對(duì)這種權(quán)利進(jìn)行保障。本文就是以環(huán)境權(quán)為出發(fā)點(diǎn),從制度的層面進(jìn)行研究,探討環(huán)境權(quán)的訴訟保障機(jī)制以實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性。因?yàn)榄h(huán)境權(quán)的有效實(shí)現(xiàn)必須有相應(yīng)的訴訟機(jī)制予以保障,權(quán)利的要義之一就是能夠通過(guò)法院的司法程序獲得保護(hù)。當(dāng)公眾環(huán)境權(quán)受到侵害時(shí),能夠有相應(yīng)的法律程序和法律救濟(jì)方式,保障受到侵害的權(quán)利主體獲得救濟(jì)。按照目前我國(guó)有關(guān)法律的規(guī)定,公眾對(duì)環(huán)境權(quán)不是都有起訴資格的,一方面是因?yàn)閷?shí)體法中沒(méi)有明確確立環(huán)境權(quán),另一方面是訴訟法中的有關(guān)規(guī)定也限制著公眾的起訴權(quán)。由于我國(guó)環(huán)境權(quán)救濟(jì)機(jī)制和訴訟相關(guān)立法的缺失,公眾根本無(wú)法尋求法律的最有力的保護(hù),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)法律制度進(jìn)行更新,建立一種新的合理、有效的救濟(jì)途徑也就是建立環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性法律制度就顯得迫在眉睫。本文始終追求的目標(biāo)就是讓環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性制度從在法學(xué)理論上沒(méi)有被普遍接受的制度變?yōu)樵诜▽W(xué)理論上被普遍接受的制度并進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)變成法律明確的制度。 本文共分為三個(gè)部分及引言、結(jié)語(yǔ),主要從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)： 第一部分,環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性理論的界定。主要從兩方面進(jìn)行闡述,一方面,介紹環(huán)境權(quán),包括環(huán)境權(quán)的基本涵義、環(huán)境權(quán)的屬性；另一方面,介紹環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性這項(xiàng)法律制度,包括環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性產(chǎn)生背景、環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性的基本涵義與特點(diǎn)。 第二部分,介紹和借鑒國(guó)外環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),包括美國(guó)的公民訴訟制度、日本的選定當(dāng)事人訴訟制度、德國(guó)的團(tuán)體訴訟制度。 第三部分,我國(guó)環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性產(chǎn)生的必要性與可行性。通過(guò)對(duì)環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性產(chǎn)生的必要性與可行性的分析,本文認(rèn)為環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性在維護(hù)環(huán)境權(quán)方面具有可操作性。 第四部分,環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑。首先,以立法目的為出發(fā)點(diǎn),通過(guò)確定環(huán)境訴訟主體資格、環(huán)境訴訟的舉證責(zé)任分配、環(huán)境訴訟的訴訟時(shí)效來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境權(quán)可訴性。其次,從司法方面來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境權(quán)的可訴性,其途徑是環(huán)境公益訴訟,環(huán)境公益訴訟又分為環(huán)境刑事公益訴訟、環(huán)境民事公益訴訟、環(huán)境行政公益訴訟,本文主要對(duì)環(huán)境民事公益訴訟與環(huán)境行政公益訴訟進(jìn)行論述。
[Abstract]:In the final analysis, the litigable legal system of environmental rights is to protect environmental rights, which is how to make environmental rights a statutory right and how to coordinate with the existing basic rights of citizens. How to make it a practical right that citizens can obtain and enforce, and how to guarantee this right. This paper studies environmental rights from the perspective of system and discusses the litigation mechanism of environmental rights in order to realize the actionable nature of environmental rights. Because the effective realization of the environmental right must be protected by the corresponding litigation mechanism, one of the essentials of the right is that it can be protected through the judicial procedure of the court. When the public environmental rights are infringed, there can be corresponding legal procedures and legal remedies to protect the subject of the infringed rights to obtain relief. According to the relevant laws of our country, the public are not all qualified to sue for the environmental right. On the one hand, the environmental right is not clearly established in the substantive law; on the other hand, the relevant provisions in the procedural law also restrict the public's right to sue. Due to the lack of relief mechanism of environmental rights and legislation related to litigation in China, the public is unable to seek the most powerful protection of the law, so as to update the traditional legal system and establish a new and reasonable one. The effective remedy way is to establish the legal system of environmental right actionable. The aim of this paper is to make the system of environmental right actionable change from the system which is not generally accepted in the theory of law to the system which is generally accepted in the theory of law and then to the system of clear law. This paper is divided into three parts and introduction, conclusion, mainly from the following aspects: the first part, the definition of the theory of environmental rights actionable. On the one hand, it introduces the basic meaning of environmental rights, including the basic meaning of environmental rights, the attributes of environmental rights; on the other hand, it introduces the legal system of justiciability of environmental rights, including the background of the litigability of environmental rights. The basic meaning and characteristics of actionable environmental right. The second part introduces and draws lessons from the practical experience of the litigability of foreign environmental rights, including the civil litigation system in the United States, the selected parties litigation system in Japan, and the group action system in Germany. The third part, the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of environmental right in our country. Based on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of the environmental right, this paper holds that the actionable nature of the environmental right is operable in the aspect of safeguarding the environmental right. The fourth part, the way to realize the litigability of environmental right. First of all, with the aim of legislation as the starting point, environmental rights can be litigated by determining the qualification of the subject of environmental litigation, the distribution of burden of proof in environmental litigation, and the limitation of action in environmental litigation. Secondly, from the judicial aspect to realize the actionable nature of environmental right, the way is environmental public interest litigation, which is divided into environmental criminal public interest litigation, environmental civil public interest litigation, environmental administrative public interest litigation, environmental public interest litigation. This paper mainly discusses the environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental administrative public interest litigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68;D925
本文編號(hào)：2154317
[Abstract]:In the final analysis, the litigable legal system of environmental rights is to protect environmental rights, which is how to make environmental rights a statutory right and how to coordinate with the existing basic rights of citizens. How to make it a practical right that citizens can obtain and enforce, and how to guarantee this right. This paper studies environmental rights from the perspective of system and discusses the litigation mechanism of environmental rights in order to realize the actionable nature of environmental rights. Because the effective realization of the environmental right must be protected by the corresponding litigation mechanism, one of the essentials of the right is that it can be protected through the judicial procedure of the court. When the public environmental rights are infringed, there can be corresponding legal procedures and legal remedies to protect the subject of the infringed rights to obtain relief. According to the relevant laws of our country, the public are not all qualified to sue for the environmental right. On the one hand, the environmental right is not clearly established in the substantive law; on the other hand, the relevant provisions in the procedural law also restrict the public's right to sue. Due to the lack of relief mechanism of environmental rights and legislation related to litigation in China, the public is unable to seek the most powerful protection of the law, so as to update the traditional legal system and establish a new and reasonable one. The effective remedy way is to establish the legal system of environmental right actionable. The aim of this paper is to make the system of environmental right actionable change from the system which is not generally accepted in the theory of law to the system which is generally accepted in the theory of law and then to the system of clear law. This paper is divided into three parts and introduction, conclusion, mainly from the following aspects: the first part, the definition of the theory of environmental rights actionable. On the one hand, it introduces the basic meaning of environmental rights, including the basic meaning of environmental rights, the attributes of environmental rights; on the other hand, it introduces the legal system of justiciability of environmental rights, including the background of the litigability of environmental rights. The basic meaning and characteristics of actionable environmental right. The second part introduces and draws lessons from the practical experience of the litigability of foreign environmental rights, including the civil litigation system in the United States, the selected parties litigation system in Japan, and the group action system in Germany. The third part, the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of environmental right in our country. Based on the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the litigability of the environmental right, this paper holds that the actionable nature of the environmental right is operable in the aspect of safeguarding the environmental right. The fourth part, the way to realize the litigability of environmental right. First of all, with the aim of legislation as the starting point, environmental rights can be litigated by determining the qualification of the subject of environmental litigation, the distribution of burden of proof in environmental litigation, and the limitation of action in environmental litigation. Secondly, from the judicial aspect to realize the actionable nature of environmental right, the way is environmental public interest litigation, which is divided into environmental criminal public interest litigation, environmental civil public interest litigation, environmental administrative public interest litigation, environmental public interest litigation. This paper mainly discusses the environmental civil public interest litigation and environmental administrative public interest litigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68;D925
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