【摘要】：西北地區(qū)天然草原作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,具有涵養(yǎng)水源、水土保持、防風(fēng)固沙、調(diào)節(jié)大氣、維持生物多樣性等多種生態(tài)功能。然而由于人類濫墾濫挖、過(guò)度放牧、加之病蟲(chóng)害、鼠害的發(fā)生,造成西北地區(qū)90%的草原出現(xiàn)不同程度的退化,導(dǎo)致自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),同時(shí)草原生態(tài)服務(wù)功能下降,對(duì)西北地區(qū)生態(tài)安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償是近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的有效保護(hù)和治理生態(tài)環(huán)境的新手段,也是國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注的重要課題。相對(duì)國(guó)外而言,我國(guó)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)睦碚摵蛯?shí)踐較落后,而草原生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償理論的研究更是處于起步階段,實(shí)踐也處于探索階段。 本文借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償和草原生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值研究的成果,以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)價(jià)值論、公共產(chǎn)品理論、外部性理論、權(quán)利與義務(wù)對(duì)等理論作為研究的理論基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建草原生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制的基本框架,確定草原生態(tài)補(bǔ)償中的補(bǔ)償主體,補(bǔ)償對(duì)象,補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等基本問(wèn)題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)西北地區(qū)天然草原生態(tài)保護(hù)和建設(shè)的基本情況進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)這一過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行剖析,從草原生態(tài)服務(wù)的提供者和受益者的角度確定生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)闹黧w、補(bǔ)償?shù)膶?duì)象和補(bǔ)償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn),同時(shí)對(duì)我們國(guó)家相關(guān)方面的政策進(jìn)行解析,提出完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的意見(jiàn),以更好的為草原生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償作法律保障,保障草原生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償順利實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the ecosystem, the natural grassland in Northwest China has many ecological functions, such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand prevention, regulating the atmosphere, maintaining biodiversity, and so on. However, as a result of excessive reclamation, overgrazing, diseases and insect pests, and the occurrence of rodent damage, 90% of the grasslands in Northwest China have been degraded to varying degrees, resulting in frequent natural disasters and a decline in the ecological service function of the grasslands. It poses a serious threat to the ecological security of Northwest China. Ecological benefit compensation is a new method to effectively protect and control the ecological environment in recent years, and it is also an important topic concerned by scholars at home and abroad. Compared with foreign countries, the theory and practice of ecological compensation in our country is relatively backward, and the study of ecological benefit compensation theory of grassland is in the initial stage, and the practice is also in the exploratory stage. Based on the theory of ecosystem value, the theory of public goods, the theory of externality and the theory of equivalence of rights and obligations, this paper draws lessons from the research results of ecological benefit compensation and grassland ecological service value at home and abroad, and takes ecosystem value theory, public goods theory, externality theory, rights and obligations equivalence theory as the theoretical basis. The basic frame of compensation mechanism of grassland ecological benefit is constructed, and the basic problems such as main body, object and standard of compensation in grassland ecological compensation are determined. On this basis, this paper analyzes the basic situation of ecological protection and construction of natural grassland in Northwest China, and analyzes the problems in this process. From the point of view of the provider and beneficiary of grassland ecological service, the main body of ecological compensation, the object of compensation and the standard of compensation are determined. At the same time, the policies of relevant aspects of our country are analyzed, and suggestions on perfecting relevant laws and regulations are put forward. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of grassland ecological benefit compensation, better legal protection for grassland ecological benefit compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.64

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 盧滿意;錫林郭勒草原退化影響因素分析及可持續(xù)利用對(duì)策研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2148894