本文選題：環(huán)境影響評價制度 + 水電開發(fā)��； 參考：《南京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：水電作為優(yōu)質(zhì)清潔的可再生能源在我國有良好的發(fā)展前景。到2010年底我國的水電裝機已經(jīng)達到兩億多千瓦。其中三分之一是對環(huán)境友好的，是世界所大力推薦的小水電，這在中國能源結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中起到了極大的作用。我國水利水電科技水平顯著提高，技術(shù)已達到國際先進水平，但是在大力發(fā)展水電的同時我們必須要意識到它也帶給我們環(huán)境壓力，要正視環(huán)境影響評價制度在水電開發(fā)中的重要作用，并將其貫徹落實，這樣才能可持續(xù)的發(fā)展我國的水電事業(yè)。 環(huán)境影響評價制度是從源頭控制環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞的法律手段，《環(huán)境影響評價法》的實施對于推進產(chǎn)業(yè)合理布局和企業(yè)的優(yōu)化選址，預(yù)防開發(fā)建設(shè)活動可能產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染和破壞，發(fā)揮了不可替代的積極作用。水電是清潔可再生能源，鼓勵開發(fā)水電，，這是我國基于水電所占能源比例和能源結(jié)構(gòu)的必然選擇。我國的水電開發(fā)正處于建設(shè)高峰期，我們在看到水電開發(fā)所帶來的巨大經(jīng)濟利益之時，更要理性的看到水電開發(fā)對環(huán)境和社會利益造成的巨大影響。隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟體制的建立和依法治國觀念的深入，運用行政手段來協(xié)調(diào)這些利益沖突的難度越來越大、有效性越來越差。因此，需運用法律手段來平衡這些利益沖突，通過立法建立相應(yīng)的利益調(diào)控機制和法律制度，使水電開發(fā)中的利益規(guī)范化、法律化，以充分調(diào)動各類利益主體保護水資源的積極性和主動性，并預(yù)防和化解糾紛，實現(xiàn)人與自然、人與社會的和諧發(fā)展，這就需要在實踐中不斷完善水電開發(fā)中的環(huán)境影響評價制度。從目前環(huán)境影響評價制度在水電開發(fā)中的實踐效果來看，其中取得了一些好的成效，但更多的還是存在實施效果差的尷尬困境。 本文從水電開發(fā)環(huán)境影響評價制度的發(fā)展入手，了解環(huán)境影響評價制度的現(xiàn)狀，并借鑒國外的先進經(jīng)驗為完善我國的環(huán)境影響評價制度做指導(dǎo)。文章主要是對我國環(huán)境影響評價制度在水電開發(fā)中的實施效果進行分析，指出其中取得的好的效果和已經(jīng)存在的不足之處，然后從完善公眾參與制度、健全環(huán)評責任、環(huán)評行政訴訟制度等方面進行了具體論述，來豐富和完善我國水電開發(fā)中的環(huán)境影響評價制度。
[Abstract]:As a high quality and clean renewable energy, hydropower has a good prospect in China. By the end of 2010, China's hydropower installation has reached more than 200 million kilowatts. Among them, 1/3 is environmentally friendly and highly recommended by the world, which plays a great role in the adjustment of China's energy structure. The level of water conservancy and hydropower technology in China has improved significantly, and the technology has reached the international advanced level. However, while vigorously developing hydropower, we must realize that it also brings us environmental pressure. It is necessary to face up to the important role of environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development and implement it so as to develop the hydropower industry of our country sustainably. The environmental impact assessment system is a legal means to control the environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source. The implementation of the Environmental impact Assessment Law can promote the rational layout of the industry and the optimization of the location of the enterprise. Prevention of possible environmental pollution and damage from development and construction activities has played an irreplaceable and positive role. Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy to encourage the development of hydropower, which is an inevitable choice based on the proportion of energy and energy structure of hydropower in China. Hydropower development in China is in the peak of construction. When we see the huge economic benefits brought by hydropower development, we should see the huge impact of hydropower development on the environment and social interests. With the establishment of market economy system and the deepening of the concept of governing the country according to law, it is more and more difficult to coordinate these conflicts of interest by administrative means, and its effectiveness is getting worse and worse. Therefore, it is necessary to use legal means to balance these conflicts of interest, to establish the corresponding interest regulation mechanism and legal system through legislation, to standardize and legalize the interests in hydropower development. In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of various stakeholders to protect water resources, to prevent and resolve disputes, and to realize the harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, Therefore, it is necessary to improve the environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development in practice. According to the practical effect of the current environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development, some good results have been achieved, but there is still more awkward dilemma of poor implementation effect. This paper starts with the development of environmental impact assessment system for hydropower development, understands the present situation of environmental impact assessment system, and draws lessons from foreign advanced experience to guide the improvement of environmental impact assessment system in China. This paper mainly analyzes the implementation effect of environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development in China, and points out the good results and existing deficiencies, and then from perfecting the system of public participation and perfecting the responsibility of environmental impact assessment, In order to enrich and perfect the environmental impact assessment system in hydropower development, the system of administrative litigation is discussed in detail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.67

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