本文選題：水資源 + 水危機��； 參考：《湖南大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：水是基礎(chǔ)性的自然資源和戰(zhàn)略性的經(jīng)濟資源,是生態(tài)與環(huán)境的控制性要素。近年來,在不斷向前推進的全球工業(yè)化背景下,水資源供需矛盾日益明顯,水危機成為阻礙人類文明發(fā)展的大問題。世界各國都把緩解和消除水危機作為當前重點攻關(guān)的重要課題。本文在這一背景下選題,以水資源的優(yōu)化配置為切入點,以保護水資源為目標,通過分析我國古、近現(xiàn)代水權(quán)法律制度的歷史經(jīng)驗,比較國外較為成熟的可交易水權(quán)理論,在明晰水權(quán)概念的基礎(chǔ)上,從法學的角度對我國可交易水權(quán)制度的完善做理論上的論證和分析。通過對可交易水權(quán)的系統(tǒng)研究,揭示了水資源綜合管理背景下可交易水權(quán)的概念、性質(zhì)、財產(chǎn)權(quán)特征及其類型和結(jié)構(gòu),論證了可交易水權(quán)賴以存在的水資源市場的特性、政府在水市場的定位以及作為可交易水權(quán)制度支撐的水資源財產(chǎn)權(quán)法律制度體系。通過法律的界定,一方面可交易水權(quán)有望成為市場主體進行自由支配以實現(xiàn)私人利益最大化的財產(chǎn),另一方面可交易水權(quán)的類型結(jié)構(gòu)和法定義務(wù)的規(guī)定使之能夠作為實現(xiàn)水資源可持續(xù)利用公共利益的直接手段,由此達到水資源市場配置過程中的各種利益和價值的平衡。 從現(xiàn)有的研究成果和改革趨勢來看,西方國家都將政府和市場的結(jié)合作為解決這一問題的有效途徑,即在國家資源所有權(quán)下,允許水資源所有權(quán)的合法交易。通過對可交易水權(quán)的定義和特性的分析,明確可交易水權(quán)是水資源使用權(quán),一種新型的用益物權(quán),提出在我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟改革過程中,國家應(yīng)該允許并鼓勵這種水權(quán)交易。 在對國外水權(quán)交易的經(jīng)驗及其對中國的啟示進行介紹和闡述的基礎(chǔ)上,通過一些實例對我國水權(quán)交易的現(xiàn)狀進行了剖析,論證我國適時開展水權(quán)交易的必要性及其存在的主要障礙。最后,對可交易水權(quán)法律制度進行了理論上的分析和制度上的設(shè)計,以期對未來我國可交易水權(quán)法律制度的完善有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Water is the basic natural resources and strategic economic resources, ecological and environmental control elements. In recent years, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming more and more obvious under the background of global industrialization, and the water crisis has become a major problem hindering the development of human civilization. Countries all over the world to alleviate and eliminate the water crisis as a key issue. Under this background, this paper chooses the optimal allocation of water resources as the starting point, takes the protection of water resources as the goal, through the analysis of the historical experience of the ancient and modern water rights legal system in China, compares the relatively mature theories of the tradable water rights abroad. On the basis of clarifying the concept of water right, this paper theoretically demonstrates and analyzes the perfection of the system of tradable water right in China from the angle of law. Based on the systematic study of tradable water rights, this paper reveals the concept, nature, property characteristics, types and structures of tradable water rights under the background of integrated water resources management, and demonstrates the characteristics of the water resources market on which tradable water rights depend. The position of the government in the water market and the legal system of water resources property rights supported by the tradable water rights system. Through the definition of law, on the one hand, tradable water rights are expected to be the property of the market subject to maximize private interests. On the other hand, the type structure of tradable water right and the stipulation of legal obligation enable it to be a direct means to realize the public interest of sustainable utilization of water resources, thus achieving the balance of various interests and values in the process of water resources market allocation. According to the existing research results and reform trends, the combination of government and market is regarded as an effective way to solve this problem in western countries, that is, under the ownership of national resources, the legal transaction of ownership of water resources is allowed. Through the analysis of the definition and characteristics of tradable water right, it is clear that tradable water right is the right to use water resources, a new usufruct right, and it is put forward in the course of socialist market economy reform in our country. The state should allow and encourage such trading of water rights. On the basis of introducing and expounding the experience of water right trade abroad and its enlightenment to China, the paper analyzes the current situation of water right trade in China through some examples. To demonstrate the necessity and the main obstacles of developing the water right trade in our country. Finally, the author analyzes the legal system of tradable water rights theoretically and designs it in order to benefit the perfection of the legal system of tradable water rights in China in the future.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.66;TV213.4

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本文編號：2089010