我國電子廢棄物管理的法律完善

發(fā)布時間：2018-06-05 14:38

本文選題：電子廢棄物 + 立法　；參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 當今時代是一個信息化的時代,信息化的發(fā)展以電子產(chǎn)品為載體,是人類社會發(fā)展到一定程度的產(chǎn)物。隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高,中國已進入了家電更新的高峰期。電子廢棄物的數(shù)量正以驚人的速度增長,已成為固體廢棄物的主要來源之一,對各國環(huán)境構成了很大威脅。但隨著電子廢棄物數(shù)量的增長,如何利用科技創(chuàng)新研發(fā)出新技術、新工藝,以便于更低成本、低污染、高效率地回收電子廢棄物,已成為了全社會迫切關注的焦點問題。電子廢物中含有有毒物質,如果回收利用或者處置不當,會對人類生存環(huán)境造成無法估量的破壞。但同時電子廢棄物中又含有較多可回收可利用的物質,如果能夠有效的回收利用將會取得較好的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。相比西方發(fā)達國家,我國的經(jīng)濟水平還比較落后,電子電器產(chǎn)品的人均占有量就相應不高,但是我國同樣存在電子廢棄物問題,而且還有日益惡化的趨勢。我國電子廢棄物回收體系處于比較分散無序的狀態(tài),主要以流動個體回收戶走街串巷回收為主,還包括廢舊物回收企業(yè)直接回收和生產(chǎn)商以舊換新回收等�；厥阵w系的不健全導致電子廢棄物不能得到很好的回收利用,造成了對環(huán)境的破壞,以及對人體的健康影響。究其原由,我國電子廢棄物問題不能得到很好的解決與我國公民薄弱的環(huán)保意識、落后的環(huán)保技術水平以及不健全的法律制度體系等因素密不可分。其中,相應的法律制度的缺失是我國電子廢棄物問題產(chǎn)生、存在、不斷惡化的最主要原因。為了避免電子廢棄物對人類生存環(huán)境的破壞,為了有效地回收利用電子廢棄物,營造一個人與自然和諧共處的環(huán)境,是本文選題的目的所在。本文主要采用了文獻梳理法、比較研究法及歷史考察法來對電子廢棄物的國內外研究現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,由此得到一定的啟示;并根據(jù)我國電子廢棄物管理中出現(xiàn)的各種問題,提出了完善我國電子廢棄物回收利用管理的立法建議,具體包括完善生產(chǎn)者、經(jīng)營者、消費者和政府的相關責任,還有利用稅收制度及市場準入制度來更好的管理電子廢棄物回收;最后的結語部分對管理我國電子廢棄物的法律完善進行展望,希望能夠借此減少環(huán)境污染,保護我們的家園。
[Abstract]:The present era is an era of information. The development of informatization takes electronic products as the carrier and is the product of the development of human society to a certain extent. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, China has entered the peak of household appliances renewal. The quantity of electronic waste is increasing at an alarming rate, and has become one of the main sources of solid waste, which poses a great threat to the environment of various countries. However, with the increase of the quantity of e-waste, how to develop new technology and process by using scientific and technological innovation, so as to recycle e-waste with lower cost, lower pollution and higher efficiency, has become the focus of the whole society. Electronic waste contains toxic substances, if recycled or misdisposed, it will cause incalculable damage to human living environment. But at the same time, there are many recyclable materials in the electronic wastes. If they can be recycled effectively, they will get better economic and social benefits. Compared with the western developed countries, the economic level of our country is still relatively backward. The per capita share of electronic and electrical products is not high, but there is also the problem of electronic waste in China, and there is a worsening trend. The electronic waste recovery system of our country is in the state of being scattered and disordered. It mainly consists of floating individual recyclers walking along the street and recycling, including direct recycling of waste materials and recycling by producers of old for new and so on. Because of the unsoundness of the recycling system, the electronic waste can not be recycled well, which results in the damage to the environment and the impact on human health. The reason is that the problem of electronic waste in our country can not be solved well because of the weak consciousness of environmental protection, the backward level of environmental protection technology and the imperfect legal system and so on. Among them, the lack of corresponding legal system is the main cause of the problem of e-waste in our country. In order to avoid the damage of e-waste to human's living environment and to recycle the e-waste effectively, The purpose of this thesis is to create a harmonious environment between man and nature. This paper mainly adopts the literature combing method, the comparative research method and the historical investigation method to analyze the domestic and foreign research status of the electronic waste, and obtains the certain enlightenment from this, and according to the various problems in the management of the electronic waste in our country, The legislative suggestions to improve the management of recycling and utilization of electronic wastes in China are put forward, including the relevant responsibilities of producers, operators, consumers and the government. There is also the use of tax system and market access system to better manage the recycling of e-waste; the last part of the conclusion of the management of e-waste in China to improve the law, hoping to reduce environmental pollution, protect our homes.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.68

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