本文選題：環(huán)境侵權(quán) + 訴訟主體��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 自近代英國工業(yè)革命以來隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,人類對自然的改造越發(fā)肆無忌憚,全球的環(huán)境污染問題日趨嚴(yán)重。中國自改革開放以來,人民群眾在生活質(zhì)量不斷提高的同時,對環(huán)境質(zhì)量要求也越來越高。但從總體上說,我國目前的環(huán)境形勢還相當(dāng)嚴(yán)峻,城市環(huán)境污染仍在加劇,并向農(nóng)村蔓延,生態(tài)破壞的范圍仍在擴(kuò)大。環(huán)境損害事件的頻頻發(fā)生對傳統(tǒng)的民法理論,特別是侵權(quán)法理論產(chǎn)生了很大沖擊。權(quán)力是法律關(guān)系的核心內(nèi)容�！皞鹘y(tǒng)的環(huán)境法于污染防治法,其主要內(nèi)容是對人類特定行為的限制,以義務(wù)性規(guī)范為主.而對主體的權(quán)利規(guī)定并不十分明確,作為調(diào)整平等主體間民事法律關(guān)系的民法,在通過解決一部分人污染環(huán)境造成另一部分人受損.追究加害人的民事責(zé)任,實現(xiàn)社會公正方面應(yīng)有更大的作為."在計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時代,過分強(qiáng)調(diào)公法的作用,習(xí)慣于行政手段,而忽視了私法的作用,對私權(quán)的保護(hù)不夠,不重視用民法來保護(hù)環(huán)境,因而在我國的環(huán)境保護(hù)的歷程上曾有過曲折。隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的初步建立,更隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀念的深入人心,人民群眾參與環(huán)境保護(hù)的熱情越來越高,在已有的刑法、行政法規(guī)的基礎(chǔ)上,怎樣通過民法賦予人民群眾更多的民事權(quán)利越發(fā)重要。 保護(hù)環(huán)境是民事主體的法定義務(wù),不得侵犯他人的環(huán)境權(quán)利是環(huán)境法的禁止性規(guī)范,違反了這種義務(wù),就構(gòu)成了侵犯環(huán)境權(quán)的民事責(zé)任。環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任不同于一般民事侵權(quán)責(zé)任,亦有別于國家賠償責(zé)任、法人賠償責(zé)任等為他人的侵權(quán)行為負(fù)責(zé)的替代責(zé)任,是一種特殊侵權(quán)責(zé)任。研究環(huán)境侵權(quán)的特點及環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任的特殊性,對改進(jìn)立法及司法實踐均有重要意義。 伴隨中國經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長而日益嚴(yán)重化的環(huán)境污染與破壞,特別是工業(yè)化和城市化的大規(guī)模展開,由環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞所造成的環(huán)境侵權(quán)現(xiàn)象及其救濟(jì)日益嚴(yán)重�？梢灶A(yù)料,因環(huán)境污染和破壞而產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境侵權(quán)與民事救濟(jì)將成為今后中國一大社會問題。環(huán)境侵權(quán)是一種特殊的侵權(quán),同傳統(tǒng)的民事侵權(quán)相比,無論從法理、立法、救濟(jì)功能與方式等方面都有很多不同之處。面對此種侵權(quán),傳統(tǒng)侵權(quán)法勢必將作重大修正和發(fā)展。目前我國法學(xué)界對環(huán)境侵權(quán)與救濟(jì)理論的研究為數(shù)尚少,有關(guān)立法更不完備,對此問題開展深人的研究很有必要。 實體法追求的價值要通過程序法予以保障實現(xiàn),環(huán)境污染在我國日益成為非常嚴(yán)重的社會問題,而環(huán)境侵權(quán)訴訟作為一種特殊的侵權(quán)訴訟亦是當(dāng)今人民比較關(guān)注的訴訟,是環(huán)境侵權(quán)的受害人為保護(hù)自己的人身和財產(chǎn)權(quán)益,依法向人民法院對污染和破壞環(huán)境造成其權(quán)益損害的行為人提起的損害賠償訴訟。它作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)時代興起的一種訴訟制度,在許多方面都對傳統(tǒng)民事訴訟進(jìn)行了發(fā)展。長期以來,我國立法和法學(xué)理論研究上,關(guān)于環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事訴訟問題并未明確,給司法實踐在適用法律上帶來困難。因此,厘清環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事訴訟的具體問題,對構(gòu)建和完善我國環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度、有效的保障當(dāng)事人的環(huán)境權(quán)益具有重要的理論和實踐意義。 本文結(jié)合民事訴訟法和環(huán)境保護(hù)法的有關(guān)知識,先具體闡述了環(huán)境侵權(quán)的概念和特征,明確其不同于一般侵權(quán)行為的特殊性,進(jìn)而基于其特殊性對環(huán)境污染侵權(quán)訴訟中的當(dāng)事人確定、訴訟標(biāo)的、訴訟證明和訴訟時效等問題,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外理論與司法實踐加以分析,并參照民事訴訟法的有關(guān)規(guī)定,指出其中與一般民事侵權(quán)訴訟的不同所在,并提出改善建議,以期對環(huán)境污染侵權(quán)訴訟的理解及完善有所幫助,從而規(guī)范審判實踐中人民法院對該類案件的審理。
[Abstract]:Since the modern British Industrial Revolution, with the rapid development of science and technology, human transformation of nature has become more unscrupulous, and the global environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Since the reform and opening up, the people have been improving the quality of life, while the quality of the environment is getting higher and higher. The environmental situation is still very severe, the environmental pollution of the city is still intensifying and spreading to the countryside. The scope of the ecological damage is still expanding. The frequent occurrence of environmental damage has made a great impact on the traditional theory of civil law, especially the theory of tort law. Power is the core of the legal relationship. "The traditional environmental law is the principal of pollution prevention and control law. The content is to restrict the specific behavior of human beings, mainly by the compulsory norms. The rights of the subject are not very clear. As the civil law of adjusting the civil legal relationship between the equal subjects, the civil liability of the other part of the people is damaged by solving the pollution of a part of the people. In the era of planned economy, "in the era of planned economy, overemphasizing the role of public law, used to administrative means, ignoring the role of private law, not protecting private rights, ignoring the protection of the environment with civil law, it has been tortuous in the course of environmental protection in our country. With the initial establishment of the socialist market economic system, it is more available." The concept of sustainable development is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The enthusiasm of the people to participate in environmental protection is becoming more and more high. On the basis of the existing criminal law and administrative regulations, how to give more civil rights to the people through civil law is more important.
The protection of the environment is the legal obligation of the civil subject, and the violation of the environmental rights of others is a prohibitive norm of the environmental law. It violates this obligation and constitutes a civil liability for the infringement of the right to the environment. The replacement responsibility responsible for the right behavior is a special tort liability. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of environmental tort and the particularity of the civil liability for environmental tort, which is of great significance to improving the legislation and judicial practice.
With the rapid growth of China's economy, environmental pollution and destruction, especially the large-scale expansion of industrialization and urbanization, environmental torts and their relief caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming increasingly serious. It is expected that environmental torts and civil remedies resulting from environmental pollution and destruction will become the future. China is a big social problem. Environmental tort is a special kind of tort. Compared with the traditional civil tort, there are many differences in legal, legislative, relief functions and ways. In the face of this kind of tort, the traditional tort law will certainly make major amendments and development. At present, the research on the theory of environmental tort and relief in the legal circle of China The number of legislation is far from complete. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on this issue.
The value pursued by the substantive law should be guaranteed through procedural law, and environmental pollution is becoming a very serious social problem in our country. As a special tort litigation, environmental tort litigation is also a lawsuit which the people pay more attention to today. It is the victims of environmental tort to protect their personal and property rights and interests, and to the people according to law. The court has brought about the litigation of damages for the perpetrator of pollution and damage to its rights and interests. As a lawsuit system arising in the era of modern industrial economy, it has developed the traditional civil action in many respects. For a long time, China's legislative and legal theories have studied the problems of civil litigation on environmental tort. It is clear that judicial practice brings difficulties in the application of law. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the specific problems of civil litigation in environmental tort, to construct and improve the civil liability system of environmental tort in China and to guarantee the environmental rights and interests of the parties.
This article, based on the relevant knowledge of civil procedure law and environmental protection law, first concretely expounds the concept and characteristics of environmental tort, and makes clear that it is different from the special nature of the general tort, and then, based on its particularity, determines the parties in the tort litigation of environmental pollution, the subject of litigation, the proof of litigation and the limitation of action, and so on. The theory and judicial practice are analyzed, and according to the relevant provisions of the civil procedure law, it points out the difference between the civil tort litigation and the general civil tort litigation, and puts forward the suggestions for improvement so as to help the understanding and improvement of the environmental pollution tort litigation so as to standardize the trial of such cases by the civil law academy in the trial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.68;D925.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 何晶晶;環(huán)境污染所致健康損害司法救濟(jì)研究[D];江西理工大學(xué);2011年

2 胡家揚(yáng);環(huán)境侵權(quán)證明責(zé)任的研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1966873