本文選題：環(huán)境公益訴訟 + 賠償金��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境公益訴訟賠償金包括但不限于環(huán)境公益訴訟案件中法院判決責(zé)任人承擔(dān)的為停止侵害、排除危害采取預(yù)防、處置措施發(fā)生的費用,生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)費用以及和解協(xié)議中原被告雙方確立的貨幣性質(zhì)的賠償。由于環(huán)境損害大規(guī)模的特性,賠償金數(shù)額往往十分巨大。高額的賠償金性質(zhì)、歸屬、管理及使用方式等問題,相關(guān)法律規(guī)定付諸闕如。作為賠償金管理依據(jù)的規(guī)范性文件缺乏統(tǒng)一性,各地實踐探索帶有濃厚的行政管理色彩,在理論上和實際操作中均存在難以克服的問題:賠償金納入國庫或地方財政沒有法律依據(jù),行政管理色彩濃厚的管理方式難以保證賠償金的獨立性且存在效率不高的問題。因此,為克服現(xiàn)有賠償金管理實踐存在的不足,有必要創(chuàng)設(shè)環(huán)境公益訴訟賠償金公益信托,即以賠償金為信托財產(chǎn)設(shè)立的公益信托。它將賠償金管理的法律關(guān)系確定為信托關(guān)系:賠償金為信托財產(chǎn),資金在名義上歸屬管理人。管理人管理賠償金受到公益目的和信義義務(wù)的約束。環(huán)境公益訴訟賠償金公益信托明確了賠償金管理的基礎(chǔ)法律關(guān)系,獨特的制約機制確保賠償金的獨立性和安全性且管理富有效益。設(shè)立環(huán)境公益訴訟賠償金公益信托不需要信托法意義上的委托人,而是根據(jù)司法裁決創(chuàng)設(shè)。這種非意定信托類型雖然在法律中沒有明確規(guī)定,但在實踐中是存在的。我國慈善信托的創(chuàng)新探索和賠償金公益信托地方嘗試以及域外的公益信托經(jīng)驗可為構(gòu)建環(huán)境公益訴訟賠償金公益信托制度提供現(xiàn)實基礎(chǔ)。賠償金公益信托的設(shè)立沒有繁瑣的設(shè)立文件,無須考慮潛在的損害債權(quán)人利益、損害股東利益及避稅等問題,因此設(shè)立可采用備案制。此外,應(yīng)改變合同信托的思維,對具體備案事項做出調(diào)整,消除對該類信托設(shè)立的限制。賠償金公益信托應(yīng)積極從事環(huán)境修復(fù)公益事業(yè),信托公司并非最好的受托人選擇,應(yīng)鼓勵環(huán)境公益組織充任受托人。效仿慈善信托中出現(xiàn)的雙受托人方式,由信托公司、環(huán)境公益組織各自分工、相互配合,共同作為受托人是較理想的選擇。信托公司外的主體充任公益信托受托人在實踐中才剛剛出現(xiàn),制度層面也缺少相應(yīng)的規(guī)范和指引。因此相關(guān)主體尤其公益事業(yè)管理機構(gòu)、信托受托人應(yīng)在具體個案中不斷積累相關(guān)經(jīng)驗;相應(yīng)的政策、制度需要根據(jù)賠償金管理的特征做出針對性調(diào)整,尤其應(yīng)強化受托人義務(wù)和信托外部監(jiān)督制度。
[Abstract]:Compensation for environmental public interest litigation includes, but is not limited to, the expenses incurred by the person responsible for the court judgment in environmental public interest litigation cases for the purpose of stopping the infringement and eliminating the harm by taking preventive and disposal measures, Environmental repair costs and monetary compensation established by the original defendant in the settlement agreement. Due to the characteristics of large-scale environmental damage, the amount of compensation is often very large. High compensation nature, ownership, management and use of such issues, the relevant legal provisions are lacking. The normative documents, which are the basis for the management of compensation, lack unity, and the practice and exploration in various places have strong administrative color. In theory and in practice, there are some insurmountable problems: there is no legal basis for the compensation to be brought into the national treasury or local finance, and the administrative management with strong color is difficult to guarantee the independence of the compensation and has the problem of low efficiency. Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing compensation management practice, it is necessary to create the public trust of the environmental public interest litigation compensation, that is, the public trust established with the compensation as the trust property. It defines the legal relationship of compensation management as trust relationship: compensation is trust property and funds are nominally owned by the administrator. The manager manages the compensation to be bound by the public welfare purpose and the fiduciary duty. Public Trust of Environmental Public interest Litigation makes clear the basic legal relationship of compensation management, and the unique restriction mechanism ensures the independence and security of compensation and the management of benefit. The establishment of the public trust in environmental public interest litigation does not need the trustor in the sense of trust law, but is created according to the judicial ruling. Although this kind of non-contingent trust is not clearly stipulated in law, it exists in practice. The innovation and exploration of charitable trust in our country, the local trial of charitable trust in compensation and the experience of public trust outside China can provide a realistic foundation for the construction of public trust system of compensation in environmental public interest litigation. There is no complicated establishment document for the establishment of public trust of compensation, which does not need to consider the potential damage to the interests of creditors, damage to the interests of shareholders and tax avoidance, so the establishment of the record system can be adopted. In addition, the thinking of contract trust should be changed, the specific record items should be adjusted, and the restrictions on this kind of trust should be eliminated. The trust company is not the best choice of the trustee, and should encourage the environmental public welfare organization to act as the trustee. Following the pattern of double trustees in charitable trusts, it is an ideal choice for trust companies and environmental public welfare organizations to work together and cooperate with each other as trustees. Outside the trust company, the subject acting as trustee of public trust has just appeared in practice, and there is also a lack of corresponding norms and guidance at the system level. Therefore, the relevant subjects, especially the public welfare management agencies and trust trustees, should accumulate relevant experience in specific cases. The corresponding policies and systems need to be adjusted in accordance with the characteristics of compensation management. In particular, we should strengthen the fiduciary obligation and trust external supervision system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.68

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本文編號：1890748