本文選題：地下水資源 + 流域管理��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 石羊河流域位于河西走廊東部,歷史上的石羊河流域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá),流域內(nèi)水資源比較豐富,但是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,地下水資源嚴(yán)重超采,近年來(lái),甘肅石羊河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境嚴(yán)重惡化,石羊河流域水資源短缺。中下游之間、工農(nóng)業(yè)之間用水矛盾突出。地下水超采嚴(yán)重,地下水水位急劇下降,水質(zhì)惡化,產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。作為石羊河流域的重要水源,地下水資源必須加以合理利用與保護(hù)。首先,文章從調(diào)研的實(shí)際出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)石羊河流域的公眾水情意識(shí)、法律意識(shí)、水行政執(zhí)法等狀況的調(diào)研分析,得出了石羊河流域公眾水情意識(shí)、法律意識(shí)比較淡薄,水行政執(zhí)法環(huán)境還有待改善等初步結(jié)論。在此基礎(chǔ)上,作者進(jìn)一步分析了地下水利用與保護(hù)中存在的問(wèn)題及成因,客觀原因是人口、耕地規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,導(dǎo)致水資源供不應(yīng)求。主觀原因則是沒(méi)能正確認(rèn)識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律,在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)時(shí)缺乏科學(xué)規(guī)劃。比如:認(rèn)為地下水資源是取之不盡的,為了擴(kuò)大農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量,在石羊河流域各段大修水庫(kù),地表水被層層截流使地下水資源的自然補(bǔ)給日趨減少,甚至改變了地下水的循環(huán)規(guī)律,導(dǎo)致地下水資源利用與保護(hù)環(huán)境日益惡化。具體表現(xiàn)為地下水管理的相關(guān)法律制度不健全、地下水使用管理缺乏有效的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制、流域管理機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏強(qiáng)有力的管理措施、流域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、節(jié)水意識(shí)淡薄、對(duì)水資源承載力和科學(xué)利用缺乏科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)等方面。針對(duì)上述原因,結(jié)合國(guó)際上的地下水管理和地下水交易市場(chǎng)建立的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),文章提出了不斷完善流域地下水利用與保護(hù)的立法、提高地下水行政執(zhí)法能力、建立健全地下水交易市場(chǎng)、加強(qiáng)取水許可審批制度和水井控制管理、探索民主管理地下水的新機(jī)制、提高公眾水危機(jī)意識(shí)等對(duì)策。當(dāng)然,由于作者水平有限,未能對(duì)一些問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步加以剖析,但是完善它們是我今后努力的方向。如能為石羊河流域地下水的利用與保護(hù)法律和相關(guān)政策的出臺(tái)起到拋磚引玉的作用,則甚感欣慰。
[Abstract]:Shiyang River Basin is located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor. In history, the Shiyang River Basin has developed economy and abundant water resources in the basin. However, with the development of economy and society, groundwater resources have been seriously overexploited in recent years. The ecological environment of Shiyang River Basin in Gansu Province has deteriorated seriously, and the water resources of Shiyang River Basin are short. Between the middle and lower reaches, the contradiction between industry and agriculture is prominent. Groundwater is overexploited, groundwater level drops sharply and water quality deteriorates, which causes serious ecological environment problems. As an important source of water in Shiyang River Basin, groundwater resources must be rationally utilized and protected. First of all, based on the investigation and analysis of the public water situation consciousness, the law consciousness, the water administration law enforcement and so on, the article obtains the public water situation consciousness of Shiyang River basin, the legal consciousness is relatively weak. The water administration law enforcement environment still needs to be improved and so on preliminary conclusion. On this basis, the author further analyzes the existing problems and causes of groundwater utilization and protection. The objective reason is that the population and the scale of cultivated land continue to expand, leading to the shortage of water resources. The subjective reason is the failure to correctly understand the law of economic and social development, and the lack of scientific planning in the development of economic society. For example, it is believed that groundwater resources are inexhaustible. In order to increase the output of crops, in order to expand the output of crops, in the Shiyang River Basin, the surface water was cut off layer by layer and the natural supply of groundwater resources was reduced day by day. It even changes the law of groundwater circulation, which leads to the worsening of groundwater resources utilization and environmental protection. The concrete manifestation is that the relevant legal system of groundwater management is not perfect, the groundwater use management lacks effective coordination mechanism, the basin management organization lacks strong management measures, the industrial structure of the basin is unreasonable, and the consciousness of saving water is weak. Lack of scientific understanding of water resources carrying capacity and scientific utilization. In view of the above reasons, combined with the advanced experience of the international groundwater management and the establishment of the groundwater trading market, the paper puts forward the legislation of continuously perfecting the groundwater utilization and protection in the basin, and improving the administrative law enforcement ability of the groundwater. It is necessary to establish and perfect the groundwater trading market, strengthen the examination and approval system of water intake permission and the control management of wells, explore the new mechanism of democratic management of groundwater, and raise the public awareness of water crisis. Of course, due to the limited level of the author, some problems can not be further analyzed, but perfecting them is the direction of my future efforts. It is very gratifying to be able to make a contribution to the utilization and protection of groundwater in Shiyang River Basin and related policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.66

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