本文選題：環(huán)評文件審批 + 政府職能�。� 參考：《上海交通大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文首先闡述了環(huán)境影響評價制度的起源和發(fā)展,分析了環(huán)境影響評價制度的功能和作用機制,并對環(huán)境影響評價文件兩種審批類型做了歸納和比較。 在對我國建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價制度和實施效果做詳盡分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了環(huán)評審批有效性不高的原因在于政府在現(xiàn)有財稅分權(quán)和行政任命制的制度背景下追求經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而干預(yù)環(huán)評制度實施的客觀必然性,部門職能單一化、部門利益和利益集團的影響造成了經(jīng)濟管理部門追求經(jīng)濟發(fā)展使環(huán)評初審制度得不到落實,環(huán)境保護主管部門由于受制地方政府和法律規(guī)定的缺陷而不能實現(xiàn)其監(jiān)督和制衡的功能,以及現(xiàn)有法律法規(guī)不能保障公眾參與審批程序使得環(huán)評制度通過公眾參與實現(xiàn)監(jiān)督的功能得不到實現(xiàn)。 最后,在分析問題和原因的基礎(chǔ)上,文章提出了相應(yīng)的法律和制度應(yīng)對。首先在現(xiàn)有財稅分權(quán)的模式下加大中央對地方財政特別是環(huán)保投入的支出,并通過制度借鑒和創(chuàng)新把環(huán)境保護的目標和中央的轉(zhuǎn)移支付掛鉤、完善人事考核制度的方式扭轉(zhuǎn)地方政府只專注經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的沖動。其次,統(tǒng)一政府部門的環(huán)保職能和加強部門之間的配合實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟管理部門對環(huán)評的重視。再次,加強環(huán)保部門對經(jīng)濟管理部門的監(jiān)督。最后,通過促進信息公開落實環(huán)評文件審批階段的公眾參與。
[Abstract]:This paper first describes the origin and development of the EIA system, analyzes the function and mechanism of the EIA system, and summarizes and compares the two kinds of approval types of the EIA document. On the basis of detailed analysis of environmental impact assessment system and implementation effect of construction projects in China, This paper points out that the reason why the effectiveness of EIA examination and approval is not high is that the government pursues economic development under the background of the existing fiscal and taxation decentralization and administrative appointment system and interferes with the implementation of the EIA system. The sectoral interests and the influence of interest groups have caused the economic management departments to pursue economic development so that the system of first instance of environmental impact assessment has not been implemented. The competent environmental protection authorities are unable to achieve their functions of supervision and checks and balances due to the limitations of local governments and laws. And the existing laws and regulations can not guarantee the public participation in the examination and approval process so that the environmental assessment system through public participation to achieve the function of supervision can not be realized. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the problems and causes, the article puts forward the corresponding legal and institutional countermeasures. First of all, under the model of fiscal and tax decentralization, the central government should increase the expenditure on local finance, especially environmental protection, and link the goal of environmental protection with the transfer payment of the central government through institutional reference and innovation. Improve the personnel assessment system to reverse the impulse of local governments to focus only on economic development. Secondly, the environmental protection function of government departments should be unified and the coordination between departments should be strengthened. Thirdly, strengthen the supervision of the environmental protection department to the economic management department. Finally, the public participation in the examination and approval stage of EIA documents is implemented by promoting information publicity.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.6

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