本文選題：環(huán)境侵權(quán) + 歸責(zé)原則��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長,環(huán)境侵權(quán)糾紛也呈不斷增長之勢。近幾年頻繁發(fā)生的環(huán)境侵權(quán)案件已引起人們對環(huán)境問題的高度關(guān)注,并隨著環(huán)境問題的日益凸顯和不斷加劇,由環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞所造成的環(huán)境侵權(quán)現(xiàn)象已成為我國的一大社會問題。環(huán)境侵權(quán)是一種特殊的侵權(quán)行為,與一般民事侵權(quán)相比,不管是其發(fā)生機(jī)制、危害后果還是救濟(jì)功能和方式都有明顯不同。而侵權(quán)法的歸責(zé)原則在整個(gè)侵權(quán)法中居于核心地位,因此,確定合理的環(huán)境侵權(quán)歸責(zé)原則體系,對于構(gòu)建整個(gè)環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事救濟(jì)體系具有積極意義。同時(shí),在實(shí)踐中也為司法人員正確處理環(huán)境侵權(quán)糾紛提供了所應(yīng)遵循的基本準(zhǔn)則。 目前,依通說認(rèn)為,我國在環(huán)境侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域?qū)嵭械氖菬o過錯責(zé)任原則,而排斥其他歸責(zé)原則的適用,此即無過錯一元論。但是,隨著實(shí)踐的發(fā)展和時(shí)代的進(jìn)步,一元論的缺陷和不足也暴露出來。因此,如何完善環(huán)境侵權(quán)歸責(zé)體系成為理論和實(shí)踐需要解決的問題。當(dāng)前,在理論界形成了一元論、二元論和多元論等學(xué)說。一元論者依然堅(jiān)持無過錯責(zé)任原則,認(rèn)為其為環(huán)境侵權(quán)的唯一歸責(zé)原則;二元論者分為兩派,一派堅(jiān)持無過錯責(zé)任原則和過錯責(zé)任原則二元?dú)w責(zé)體系,另一派堅(jiān)持無過錯責(zé)任原則和公平責(zé)任原則二元?dú)w責(zé)體系;多元論者認(rèn)為除無過錯責(zé)任原則外,其他如過錯責(zé)任原則、公平責(zé)任原則、危險(xiǎn)責(zé)任原則等都是環(huán)境侵權(quán)的歸責(zé)原則。 本文通過對環(huán)境侵權(quán)行為的研究,并結(jié)合其他國家的相關(guān)立法,認(rèn)為我國環(huán)境侵權(quán)應(yīng)采無過錯和過錯二元?dú)w責(zé)體系。二元?dú)w責(zé)體系不僅具有法哲學(xué)意義上的合理性,也具有制度上的必要性,反映了環(huán)境侵權(quán)歸責(zé)原則制度發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求,因此,應(yīng)是我國在制度上的合理選擇。在二元?dú)w責(zé)體系中,無過錯責(zé)任原則應(yīng)居于主導(dǎo)地位,是環(huán)境侵權(quán)的一般歸責(zé)原則,過錯責(zé)任原則起輔助作用,在特殊情形下適用。 全文在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為五個(gè)部分。第一部分論述了環(huán)境侵權(quán)歸責(zé)原則的歷史演變,并對相關(guān)學(xué)說進(jìn)行了比較。第二部分闡述了無過錯責(zé)任原則的形成過程及其重要意義。第三部分對環(huán)境侵權(quán)的復(fù)雜性及無過錯責(zé)任原則面臨的挑戰(zhàn)作了論述。第四和第五部分是本文的重點(diǎn),也是本文的創(chuàng)新,分別對環(huán)境侵權(quán)二元?dú)w責(zé)體系建立之必要性、合理性和如何在二元?dú)w責(zé)體系下對環(huán)境侵權(quán)進(jìn)行重構(gòu)作了闡述。通過以上論述,以期對我國環(huán)境侵權(quán)理論和實(shí)踐的發(fā)展和完善有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic growth in China, environmental tort disputes are also growing. In recent years, the frequent cases of environmental infringement have caused people to pay close attention to environmental problems, and with the increasingly prominent and worsening of environmental problems, Environmental tort caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction has become a major social problem in China. Environmental tort is a special kind of tort. Compared with the general civil tort, the mechanism of occurrence, the harmful effect, the function and the way of relief are obviously different. The principle of imputation of tort law occupies the core position in the whole tort law, therefore, it is of positive significance to establish a reasonable system of environmental tort imputation principle system for the construction of the whole environmental tort civil relief system. At the same time, it also provides the basic criterion for the judicial personnel to deal with the environmental tort dispute correctly in practice. At present, according to the general theory, the principle of no-fault liability is applied in the field of environmental tort in our country, and the application of other imputation principles is excluded, that is, no-fault monism. However, with the development of practice and the progress of the times, the defects and deficiencies of monism are exposed. Therefore, how to improve the environmental tort liability system has become a theoretical and practical problem to be solved. At present, monism, dualism and pluralism have been formed in the theoretical circle. Monism still adheres to the principle of no-fault liability, which is regarded as the only imputation principle of environmental tort, and dualism is divided into two schools, one school adheres to the dualistic liability system of no-fault liability principle and fault liability principle, The other school adheres to the dualistic liability system of the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fair liability; the pluralists believe that, in addition to the principle of no-fault liability, other principles, such as the principle of fault liability and the principle of fair liability, The principle of dangerous liability is the imputation principle of environmental tort. Based on the study of environmental tort and the related legislation of other countries, this paper holds that the environmental tort in our country should adopt the dualistic liability system of no-fault and fault-free. Dualistic liability system is not only reasonable in the sense of philosophy of law, but also necessary in system, which reflects the inherent requirement of the development of the principle of imputation of environmental tort. Therefore, it should be a reasonable choice in the system of our country. In the dualistic liability system, the principle of no-fault liability, which is the general liability principle of environmental tort, plays an auxiliary role and is applicable under special circumstances. The full text is divided into five parts in structure. The first part discusses the historical evolution of environmental tort imputation principle, and compares the relevant theories. The second part expounds the formation process and significance of the principle of no-fault liability. The third part discusses the complexity of environmental tort and the challenges faced by the principle of no-fault liability. The fourth and fifth parts are the emphases of this paper and the innovation of this paper. The necessity, rationality and how to reconstruct the environmental tort under the dualistic liability system are expounded respectively. Through the above discussion, in order to our country environmental tort theory and the practice development and the consummation has the benefit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊帆;環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任若干問題研究[D];煙臺大學(xué);2010年

2 融華;環(huán)境侵權(quán)的歸責(zé)原則研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1850122