發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 01:39

  本文選題：環(huán)境執(zhí)法　切入點(diǎn)：區(qū)域限批　出處：《中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：區(qū)域限批是環(huán)保部在第三次“環(huán)評(píng)風(fēng)暴”中最引人注目的一招。但從其最初的閃亮登場(chǎng)到現(xiàn)在的歸于平靜,區(qū)域限批經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)怎樣的過程?其理論研究和實(shí)踐總結(jié)是怎樣的?鑒于現(xiàn)在學(xué)界的研究尚未系統(tǒng)、全面,且從行政法角度的研究少之又少,因此,本文收集了與其相關(guān)的大部分材料,欲通過一定的分析,對(duì)其法律性質(zhì)做比較深入的研究,以供后來人參考。本文由四章內(nèi)容組成,重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)區(qū)域限批制度的概念和特征進(jìn)行界定,以及對(duì)其法律性質(zhì)的規(guī)范分析。 首先,本文先對(duì)研究背景、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述做了梳理,通過介紹我國(guó)現(xiàn)行環(huán)保監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、監(jiān)管權(quán)配置和監(jiān)管權(quán)運(yùn)行情況及其存在的問題,對(duì)區(qū)域限批的制度背景予以明確,并結(jié)合區(qū)域限批在實(shí)踐中的效果得出,環(huán)保執(zhí)法之所以屢起風(fēng)暴卻收效甚微,深層次的原因還是體制不順:地方政府與污染企業(yè)利益糾葛不清、環(huán)保部門人事財(cái)受制地方政府、從而導(dǎo)致環(huán)保部門對(duì)污染企業(yè)奈何不得,在這樣一個(gè)微妙的關(guān)系圈里,執(zhí)法手段無疑被弱化了。接著,本文又論述了區(qū)域限批的適用領(lǐng)域、發(fā)生條件及相應(yīng)結(jié)果,指出其具有連坐性、懲罰性、高行政性、兼重事前與事后、兼具命令與指導(dǎo)的特征。 然后,本文對(duì)區(qū)域限批的法律性質(zhì)展開分析。先通過總結(jié)學(xué)界的幾種觀點(diǎn),得出區(qū)域限批既非具體行政行為中的行政處罰和行政強(qiáng)制,又不是法律行為之外的純行政手段,而是行政機(jī)關(guān)依據(jù)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定發(fā)布規(guī)范性文件的抽象行政行為,不具有可訴性;接著,本文又討論了區(qū)域限批目前在合法性和合理性方面面臨的問題,得出盡管《水污染防治法》已將區(qū)域限批以法律的形式規(guī)定下來,但仍未對(duì)其相應(yīng)期限、程序、方式予以明確,也未規(guī)定具體的救濟(jì)措施,終究只是一種行政手段在法律范圍內(nèi)的最大化應(yīng)用,容易對(duì)相關(guān)第三人的合法權(quán)益造成損害,不符合行政法的控權(quán)理念和比例原則,因此,并不具有長(zhǎng)效性;最后,本文進(jìn)一步討論了區(qū)域限批與其他相關(guān)制度的關(guān)系,主要是與“地方政府負(fù)總責(zé)”的關(guān)系,指出這二者都是產(chǎn)生于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不完備、法治政府不健全、行政體制亟需改革的背景下,并隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐步完善、法治政府的逐步健全、行政體制改革的逐步推進(jìn),最終都將走出歷史的舞臺(tái)。
[Abstract]:Regional approval restriction is the most striking move of the Ministry of Environmental Protection in the third "Environmental impact Assessment Storm." but from its initial shining debut to the present calm, what process has the regional approval restriction experienced? What is the summary of its theoretical research and practice? In view of the fact that the current academic research has not been systematic and comprehensive, and the research from the angle of administrative law is very few, this paper has collected most of the materials related to it, and wants to do more in-depth research on its legal nature through some analysis. This paper is composed of four chapters, focusing on the definition of the concept and characteristics of the regional limited approval system and the normative analysis of its legal nature. First of all, this paper reviews the background of the research, related literature review, through the introduction of China's current environmental regulatory institutions, regulatory power allocation and regulatory power operation and the existing problems, to clear the system background of regional licensing. Combined with the effect of regional restriction on approval in practice, it can be concluded that the reason why environmental protection law enforcement has caused many storms has little effect, the deep-seated reason is that the system is still not good: the local government is not clear about the interests of the polluting enterprises, the personnel and property of the environmental protection department are restricted by the local government. As a result, environmental protection departments are unwilling to do anything to pollute enterprises. In such a delicate circle of relationships, enforcement measures are undoubtedly weakened. Then, this paper also discusses the applicable areas, conditions of occurrence and corresponding results of regional authorization restrictions. It is pointed out that it has the characteristics of continuous sitting, punitive, high administrative, and emphasis on both ex ante and hindsight, as well as command and guidance. Then, this paper analyzes the legal nature of regional restricted approval. Firstly, by summing up several viewpoints of academic circles, the author concludes that regional restricted approval is neither administrative punishment nor administrative compulsion in specific administrative acts, nor is it a pure administrative means outside of legal acts. It is the abstract administrative act that the administrative organs issue normative documents according to the relevant laws, which is not actionable. Then, this paper discusses the problems of the legitimacy and reasonableness of the regional restricted approval. It is concluded that although the Water pollution Prevention and Control Law has stipulated the regional restrictions in the form of laws, it has not yet defined the corresponding time limit, procedures, methods, and specific relief measures. After all, it is only the maximization of the application of an administrative means within the scope of the law. It is easy to damage the legitimate rights and interests of the third party concerned, and does not conform to the principle of control and proportion of administrative law, therefore, it does not have a long-term effect. This paper further discusses the relationship between regional limited approval and other related systems, mainly the relationship with "the local government has the overall responsibility", and points out that both of them are due to the imperfect market economy and the imperfect government ruled by law. Under the background of the urgent need for reform of the administrative system, and with the gradual improvement of the market economy, the gradual perfection of the government ruled by law and the gradual advancement of the reform of the administrative system, all of them will finally step out of the historical stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.1;D922.68

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本文編號(hào)：1679027