本文選題：環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度　切入點(diǎn)：公眾參與　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度作為一項(xiàng)基本制度在世界各國(guó)的環(huán)境法中確立以來,由于其本身具有的科學(xué)技術(shù)性、前瞻預(yù)測(cè)性和內(nèi)容綜合性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已經(jīng)成為環(huán)境行政決策的主要依據(jù)。而公眾參與作為促進(jìn)環(huán)境決策民主化、科學(xué)化、制度化的手段滲透到環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度之中更加有力地促進(jìn)了環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。而美國(guó)作為對(duì)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度進(jìn)行立法實(shí)踐最早的國(guó)家,不僅為實(shí)施國(guó)家環(huán)境政策提供手段,而且為實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家環(huán)境目標(biāo)提供了有力的法律保障。 首先界定了公眾參與中公眾的范圍,并且具體而深入的分析了公眾參與機(jī)制存在于環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度之中的理論基礎(chǔ)及其特有的價(jià)值功能。 其次簡(jiǎn)要介紹了美國(guó)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度的發(fā)展背景和最終確立的過程,以及公眾參與引入環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度的歷史進(jìn)程,對(duì)此進(jìn)程的考察有助于完整地了解美國(guó)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度的內(nèi)容。 第三部分是本論文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,通過對(duì)美國(guó)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)過程的程序性研究(研究重點(diǎn)是環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書的編制過程中體現(xiàn)的公眾參與),可以看出美國(guó)關(guān)于公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度的規(guī)定做到了真正尊重公眾的意見,再加上美國(guó)司法審查制度的保障(主要包括環(huán)境信息公開制度和公民環(huán)境訴訟制度),使得美國(guó)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)成效斐然。 最后在前述對(duì)美國(guó)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度中公眾參與產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的歷程的研究,以及美國(guó)公眾參與在環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度(主要是環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書的編制過程)中的體現(xiàn)及保障機(jī)制的介紹,指出中國(guó)目前環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度中公眾參與存在的不足,并提出了完善中國(guó)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的建議。相比美國(guó)環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度中已發(fā)展成熟的公眾參與機(jī)制來說,中國(guó)的公眾參與還處在探索階段,以期在美國(guó)環(huán)境政策具體、操作性強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)之上,找出可供中國(guó)公眾參與環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的借鑒之處。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of the environmental impact assessment system as a basic system in the environmental law of various countries in the world, due to its own advantages of science and technology, foresight, predictability and comprehensiveness of content, etc. It has become the main basis of environmental administrative decision-making, and public participation, as a means to promote the democratization, scientific and institutionalized environmental decision-making, has penetrated into the environmental impact assessment system to promote the environment more effectively. The coordinated development of economy and society. The United States, as the country with the earliest legislative practice of public participation in environmental impact assessment system, not only provides the means for the implementation of national environmental policy, And for the realization of the national environmental objectives to provide a strong legal protection. Firstly, it defines the scope of public participation, and analyzes the theoretical basis of public participation mechanism in the environmental impact assessment system and its unique value function. Secondly, it briefly introduces the background of the environmental impact assessment system in the United States and the process of its final establishment, as well as the historical process of public participation in the introduction of the environmental impact assessment system. The investigation of this process will help to understand the content of American public participation in environmental impact assessment system. The third part is the key content of this paper. Through a procedural study of the process of public participation in environmental impact assessment in the United States (the focus of the study is on public participation in the process of compiling the environmental impact statement), we can see that the United States has a system of public participation in environmental impact assessment. The rules that really respect public opinion, Combined with the protection of American judicial review system (including environmental information disclosure system and citizen environmental litigation system), the public participation in environmental impact assessment in the United States is very effective. Finally, in the above-mentioned research on the process of public participation in the environmental impact assessment system in the United States, As well as the embodiment of American public participation in the environmental impact assessment system (mainly the compilation process of the environmental impact statement) and the introduction of the safeguard mechanism, it points out the shortcomings of the public participation in the current environmental impact assessment system in China. Compared with the mature public participation mechanism in the environmental impact assessment system in the United States, the public participation in China is still in the exploratory stage, with the hope that the environmental policy in the United States will be specific. On the basis of strong maneuverability, this paper finds out some references for Chinese public participation in environmental impact assessment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD912.6

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