本文選題：非法采伐　切入點：林業(yè)法律　出處：《中國林業(yè)科學研究院》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自21世紀以來,木材非法采伐及相關貿易問題成為世界可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨的一個熱點、敏感問題。“非法采伐”問題是伴隨著林業(yè)全球化進程不斷推進而日益顯現出來。林業(yè)規(guī)則的全球化、林業(yè)生產的全球化、林業(yè)投資的全球化、林產品貿易的全球化使非法采伐問題成為國際社會共同關心的林業(yè)熱點問題;林業(yè)在應對氣候變化中的作用推動了國際社會對“非法采伐”問題的關注。西方國家認為非法采伐導致了森林破壞和生態(tài)退化,打擊了依賴森林為生的社區(qū)生計,阻礙了國家和地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,削弱了人們遵守法律法規(guī)的意識,損害了國家與國際社會的安全,“非法采伐”產生的相關貿易已經影響到國際正常的木材貿易,西方國家以“非法采伐”這些影響為理由,相繼修訂或出臺法案,打擊非法采伐。其根本原因是設置林產品貿易壁壘,保護本國林產工業(yè),占領國際林產品市場,控制林產工業(yè)的原材料。 本文分析了非法采伐問題的原因,在全面了解中國林業(yè)管理體系和我國林業(yè)相關法律法規(guī)基礎上,確定了《中華人民共和國森林法》、《中華人民共和國森林法實施條例》、《中華人民共和國刑法》、《最高人民法院關于審理破壞森林資源刑事案件具體應用法律若干問題的解釋》、《森林采伐更新管理辦法》、《中華人民共和國自然保護區(qū)條例》、《育林基金征收使用管理辦法》、《森林植被恢復費征收使用管理暫行辦法》、《中華人民共和國植物檢疫條例》、《最高人民法院關于審理破壞林地資源刑事案件具體應用法律若干問題的解釋》、《松材線蟲病疫木加工板材定點加工企業(yè)審批管理辦法》為判斷我國木材非法采伐的11部主要法律依據;和以盜伐、濫伐和超過木材生產計劃為主要非法采伐形式的26項具體指標。在總結了國內外文獻中關于“非法采伐”內涵理解情況下,對“非法采伐”的含義進行了界定,從正面來回答了什么樣的具體行為是非法采伐,目的是建立一個可以操作的技術指標。中國木材在林木采伐許可證、木材運輸許可證、木材加工許可證三證管理體系下,基本能夠保證國產木材的合法性;林木在采伐、運輸、加工環(huán)節(jié)證件齊全,合法有效就可以判定木材沒有違反非法采伐的判斷依據。 盜伐和濫伐森林和林木,對有重要生態(tài)保護價值及其生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū)森林的采伐,超過木材生產計劃采伐森林、林木,非法采伐、毀壞珍貴樹木,擅自改變林地用途,在自然保護區(qū)進行砍伐,非法批準征用、占用林地,未經批準擅自將防護林和特種用途林改變?yōu)槠渌址N9項指標是判定非法采伐的主要指標;在我國完善的林業(yè)法律體系、健全的林業(yè)管理體系下控制好這9種非法采伐行為就基本能夠保證我國木材的合法性。 本研究主要創(chuàng)新為:非法采伐問題是近年來國際上有關森林問題的新興熱點議題,在國內研究較少,本研究是第一次正面整理林業(yè)法律法規(guī),系統的回答違背什么樣的法律條款可以被認定為非法采伐,對應對非法采伐問題,及今后對該問題的研究有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Since twenty-first Century, illegal logging and related trade issues become a hot topic in the sustainable development of the world, facing sensitive issues. Illegal logging problems are associated with the forestry globalization advancement and emerging. Forestry rules of globalization, the globalization of production of forestry, forestry investment globalization, globalization makes illegal trade in forest products cutting problems become the hot issues of forestry common concern of the international community; the role of forestry in response to climate change to promote the international attention on illegal logging problems. Western countries believe that illegal logging caused the destruction of the forest and ecological degradation, hit the livelihoods of forest dependent communities, hindering the sustainable development of countries and regions that weakened people abide by the laws and regulations of consciousness, damage to the national and international social security, illegal logging production phase Trade has affected the normal international timber trade, the western countries to "illegal logging" as the reason for these effects have been revised, or the introduction of legislation to combat illegal logging. The fundamental reason is that trade barriers to protect domestic forest products, forest products industry, forest products occupy the international market, the control of raw materials of forestry industry.
This paper analyzes the causes of the problem of illegal logging, in a comprehensive understanding of China forestry management system of forestry in China and relevant laws and regulations on the basis of the "People's Republic of China Forest Law > >, < the implementation of the People's Republic of China forest law, the criminal law of People's Republic of China < >, < > interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the destruction of forest resources in criminal cases of specific application of law the problem of forest harvesting management measures, < update > > < People's Republic of China natural protection zone Ordinance," afforestation fund collection and use of management measures "," forest vegetation recovery fees Interim Measures for the collection and use of Management >, < < > People's Republic of China plant quarantine regulations, explanations of the Supreme People's Court on the destruction of forest resources in criminal cases of specific application of law the problem, "management measures for the examination and approval of pine wood nematode processing board designated processing enterprises in China > to judge the wood The material of illegal logging 11 major legal basis; and to illegal logging, deforestation and timber production plan for more than 26 specific indicators. In the form of illegal logging mainly summarizes the domestic and foreign literature about the understanding of the connotation of illegal logging cases of illegal logging of the meaning of the definition, from the front to answer what is the specific behavior of illegal logging, the purpose is to establish an operational technical index. Chinese wood in the forest felling permit, timber transport permits, certificates of wood processing license management system, to ensure the legitimacy of the basic domestic wood in the forest; harvesting, transportation, processing documents are complete, legitimate we can determine the effective judgment against illegal logging without wood.
Illegal logging and deforestation and forest, the important ecological protection value and ecological fragile areas of forest harvesting, more than timber production plan, deforestation, forest, illegal logging, destruction of precious trees, unauthorized change of land use, were cut down in the nature reserve, illegal requisition, unauthorized occupation of forest land, the shelter forest and the special use forest change for other forest 9 indicators is to determine the main indicators of illegal logging; in the forestry legal system of our country to improve and perfect the management system of forestry, under the control of the 9 kinds of illegal logging behavior can ensure the legitimacy of China's wood.
The main innovation of this study: the problem of illegal logging in recent years is the international forest related issues emerging hot topics, in the domestic research, this study is the first to face finished forestry laws and regulations, violation of the law system to answer what terms can be identified as illegal logging, to deal with the problem of illegal logging, have certain reference the significance and future research on this problem.

【學位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學研究院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.63;D924.3;F326.2

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