本文關(guān)鍵詞： 外來物種入侵 生態(tài)安全 防治立法　出處：《昆明理工大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類的發(fā)展,生態(tài)破壞成為全球性問題,生態(tài)安全向全人類提出挑戰(zhàn),而外來物種入侵是影響生態(tài)安全的重要因素之一。在自然狀態(tài)下,生物物種因海洋、山脈、河流和沙漠等天然屏障阻隔而被限制在一定區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)生存發(fā)展。然而隨著經(jīng)濟全球一體化進程的加劇,和在國際貿(mào)易自由化的新形勢,全球范圍內(nèi)的對外貿(mào)易、交通運輸及旅游等行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,打破了阻隔物種自然遷移的各種天然屏障,外來有害生物入侵所引發(fā)的生物災(zāi)害和生物安全問題日益嚴峻和凸現(xiàn)。外來物種入侵給人類生活環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、身體健康都帶來巨大危害。 本文第一部分對外來物種入侵的概念特征、入侵途徑、入侵危害做了概述。第二部分為國際及國外有關(guān)防范外來物種入侵的立法概況,包括國際立法及區(qū)域立法、部分發(fā)達國家立法現(xiàn)狀和對我國的啟示。第三部分為我國防范外來物種入侵存在的問題,包括我國外來物種入侵現(xiàn)狀、立法現(xiàn)狀及存在的不足。第四部分：防范外來物種入侵的法律對策,包括樹立正確科學的立法目的、應(yīng)重點確立的原則、應(yīng)重點確立的制度和建立統(tǒng)一的部門協(xié)調(diào)機制。在學習國際及國外在外來物種入侵方面的較為完備的立法經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)我國目前有關(guān)防治外來物種入侵立法的基本情況,我國現(xiàn)行防治外來物種入侵法律制度還存在很多問題,我國針對外來物種入侵并無專門的法律法規(guī),另外沒有充分包含入侵物種對生物多樣性或生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,與從保護生物多樣性角度控制外來入侵物種的目標還相差甚遠。我國應(yīng)當在分析外來物種入侵現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,在立法原則的指導(dǎo)下整合現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定,建立我國防治外來物種入侵法律體系。主要包括法律體系的構(gòu)建,相關(guān)原則的遵循和制度的確立。最終達到保護我國的生物多樣性的效果,力求達到人與自然的和諧發(fā)展。 總之,生態(tài)安全是生態(tài)文明的重要內(nèi)容。保障生態(tài)安全的一個重要措施就是對即外來物種入侵問題的防治,只有健全防治外來物種入侵的法律,構(gòu)建了完善的防治外來物種入侵的法律體系,才能有效阻止外來物種的入侵。本文以此為切入點,對外來物種入侵的法律問題進行分析。
[Abstract]:With the development of human beings, ecological destruction has become a global problem. Ecological security challenges all mankind, and alien species invasion is one of the important factors affecting ecological security. Natural barriers, such as rivers and deserts, are confined to the survival and development of certain regions. However, with the intensification of the process of global economic integration and the new situation of international trade liberalization, foreign trade on a global scale, The rapid development of industries such as transportation and tourism has broken all kinds of natural barriers to the natural migration of species. The biological disasters and biosafety problems caused by the invasion of exotic pests are becoming more and more serious and prominent. Alien species invasion has brought great harm to human living environment, economic development and health. The first part of this paper gives an overview of the concept, approach and harm of alien species invasion. The second part is about the international and foreign legislation on the prevention of alien species invasion, including international legislation and regional legislation. The third part is about the problems of preventing alien species invasion in China, including the current situation of alien species invasion in China. Part 4th: the legal countermeasures against invasive alien species, including the establishment of a correct and scientific legislative purpose, the principles to be established, On the basis of studying the relatively complete legislative experience of international and foreign countries in the field of alien species invasion, we should summarize the basic situation of the current legislation on the prevention and control of alien species invasion in our country. There are still many problems in the current legal system of preventing and controlling alien species invasion in our country. There are no special laws and regulations for alien species invasion in our country. In addition, it does not fully contain the relevant contents of invasive species that damage biodiversity or ecological environment. It is still far from the goal of controlling invasive alien species from the perspective of biodiversity conservation. Our country should integrate existing laws and regulations under the guidance of legislative principles on the basis of analyzing the current situation of invasive alien species. The establishment of the legal system for the prevention and control of alien species invasion in China includes the construction of the legal system, the observance of relevant principles and the establishment of the system. Finally, the protection of biodiversity in China is achieved and the harmonious development of man and nature is achieved. In short, ecological security is an important part of ecological civilization. An important measure to ensure ecological security is to prevent and cure the invasion of alien species. Only by constructing a perfect legal system to prevent alien species from invading, can we effectively prevent alien species from invading. This paper analyzes the legal problems of alien species invasion.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.6

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本文編號：1551594