發(fā)布時間：2019-05-07 12:53

【摘要】：股東出資形成公司獨立財產(chǎn),是股東對公司最基本的義務(wù),雖然我國《公司法》和相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對股東的出資義務(wù)進(jìn)行了比較明確的規(guī)定,但在現(xiàn)實生活中,出資瑕疵的現(xiàn)象仍然屢見不鮮,股東的出資瑕疵直接導(dǎo)致了出資瑕疵股權(quán)的產(chǎn)生,但根據(jù)商事外觀主義原則,出資瑕疵股東仍然具有合法的股東資格,仍然可以進(jìn)行股權(quán)的出讓,出讓的一般形式為出資瑕疵股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同,但出資的瑕疵必然導(dǎo)致股權(quán)的瑕疵,因此出資瑕疵股東的股權(quán)會受到相應(yīng)的限制。出資瑕疵股權(quán)的出讓,對出讓人、受讓人、公司、公司其他股東和其他第三人都產(chǎn)生了不同的法律效力,出讓人因此退出公司,獲得股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓款；受讓人獲得股權(quán),成為公司股東；公司需要為受讓人辦理登記等手續(xù)；公司其他股東不得妨礙受讓人在公司權(quán)利義務(wù)的行使；而其他第三人則可依據(jù)工商登記等公示文件去認(rèn)知股東。在股權(quán)出讓過程中,出讓人和受讓人基于合同關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的義務(wù)和責(zé)任,同時他們對于公司、公司其他股東和債權(quán)人都負(fù)有一定的義務(wù)。出讓人負(fù)有對公司的差額填補(bǔ)義務(wù),對公司原守約股東的通知義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任,對公司債權(quán)人的填補(bǔ)清償義務(wù)。受讓人成為公司股東后,負(fù)有對公司的連帶補(bǔ)足出資的義務(wù),對公司股東的誠信義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任,對公司債權(quán)人的連帶補(bǔ)充賠償義務(wù)。若違反義務(wù),則需要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。在股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓后,各方主體的權(quán)利救濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。公司權(quán)利方面,運用公司代表訴訟追討賠償,用股東資格解除權(quán)解除出資瑕疵股東的股東資格；在守約股東的損害賠償訴訟中,具體了公司其他守約股東的權(quán)利救濟(jì)范圍；債權(quán)人可以通過提起代位權(quán)訴訟來保障其債權(quán)的實現(xiàn)；受讓人則可利用抗辯權(quán)和追償權(quán)來維護(hù)自身權(quán)益。明確出讓人和受讓人在股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓中的義務(wù)和責(zé)任,并且對其他主體的權(quán)利救濟(jì)有了具體的方式,希望對出資瑕疵股權(quán)的出讓能起到一定的規(guī)范作用。
[Abstract]:Shareholders' contribution to form independent property of the company is the most basic obligation of shareholders to the company. Although China's Company Law and relevant laws and regulations have made a relatively clear provision on the obligation of shareholders to contribute capital, but in real life, The phenomenon of capital contribution defect is still common, and the shareholder's capital defect directly leads to the emergence of capital contribution defect stock right, but according to the principle of commercial externalism, the defective shareholder of capital contribution still has the legal shareholder qualification. It is still possible to sell the stock, the general form of which is the transfer contract of the defective equity, but the defect of the contribution will inevitably lead to the defect of the stock right, so the equity of the shareholder of the defective contribution will be restricted accordingly. The transfer of defective equity has different legal effects on the transferor, transferee, other shareholders and other third parties, so that the transferor exits the company and obtains the equity transfer money. The transferee acquires the stock right and becomes the shareholder of the company; the company needs to register for the assignee; the other shareholders of the company shall not hinder the exercise of the assignee's rights and obligations in the company; Other third parties can recognize shareholders based on public documents such as industrial and commercial registration. In the process of the transfer of shares, the assignor and the assignee have corresponding obligations and responsibilities based on the contractual relationship. At the same time, they have certain obligations to the company, other shareholders and creditors of the company. The assignor has the obligation to fill the balance of the company, the obligation to notify the original stockholders of the company and the obligation to breach the contract, and the obligation of satisfaction to the creditors of the company. When the transferee becomes a shareholder of the company, he has the obligation to contribute jointly and severally to the company, the obligation of good faith and breach of contract to the shareholder of the company, and the obligation of joint and several supplementary compensation to the creditors of the company. If the obligation is breached, it is necessary to bear the corresponding responsibility. After the transfer of shares, the right relief of the parties is very important. In the aspect of company rights, the company's representative litigation is used to recover the compensation, and the shareholders' qualification to disqualify the shareholders of defective capital contribution is used to remove the shareholders' qualifications of the defective shareholders, and the scope of relief for the rights of the other shareholders of the company is specified in the damage compensation litigation of the contract-abiding shareholders. Creditors can guarantee the realization of their claims through subrogation litigation, while assignees can protect their rights and interests by means of defense rights and recovery rights. This paper makes clear the obligations and responsibilities of transferor and transferee in the transfer of equity, and has a specific way to remedy the rights of other subjects, hoping to play a normative role in the transfer of defective equity in capital contribution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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