【摘要】：改革開放三十余年來(lái),民營(yíng)企業(yè)獲得了蓬勃發(fā)展,其承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的情況也日益受到了關(guān)注。民營(yíng)企業(yè)是在特定的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的經(jīng)濟(jì)法律關(guān)系主體,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中重要的組成部分,它們承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的情況,不僅會(huì)對(duì)其自身利益產(chǎn)生影響,更會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。經(jīng)濟(jì)法是社會(huì)本位的法,其目標(biāo)在于促進(jìn)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,因而必須對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的行為進(jìn)行規(guī)制與調(diào)控。民營(yíng)企業(yè)應(yīng)在經(jīng)濟(jì)法社會(huì)本位理念下,將自己作為社會(huì)的組成部分,承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的社會(huì)責(zé)任,通過提高社會(huì)整體利益,縮小兩極分化,進(jìn)而提升自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益與社會(huì)地位。我國(guó)關(guān)于民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的理論研究起步較晚,而此方面的法律規(guī)定與實(shí)踐機(jī)制又存在許多“真空地帶”,致使民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任狀況不佳,引起社會(huì)一片質(zhì)疑之聲。長(zhǎng)此以往,既不利于民營(yíng)企業(yè)自身的健康成長(zhǎng),又不利于我國(guó)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的建設(shè)。 本文試圖通過對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的理論基礎(chǔ)的概述、民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任現(xiàn)狀的辨析及民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任約束與激勵(lì)機(jī)制的完善這三部分內(nèi)容,在對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的含義進(jìn)行廓清,并通過分析其現(xiàn)狀問題,找到癥結(jié)所在之后,提出行之有效的民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的法律與政策約束、激勵(lì)機(jī)制。 第一部分民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的理論基礎(chǔ),首先明確民營(yíng)企業(yè)的概念是：由個(gè)人或非公法人出資并經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的,以獨(dú)資企業(yè)、合伙企業(yè)或公司為組織形式的企業(yè)。繼而闡明民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任是指：民營(yíng)企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)家、政府、社會(huì)公眾、合同相對(duì)人、企業(yè)雇員、生態(tài)環(huán)境等利益相關(guān)者承擔(dān)的法律與道德責(zé)任。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),民營(yíng)企業(yè)的社會(huì)責(zé)任有其特殊性,須與國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任及《公司法》所規(guī)定之公司社會(huì)責(zé)任相區(qū)別。厘清概念思路后,分析我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)履行社會(huì)責(zé)任在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、法學(xué)層面的意義。 第二部分我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的現(xiàn)狀辨析,首先對(duì)我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的法律依據(jù)進(jìn)行辨析,結(jié)論是：從總體上看,我國(guó)在民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任方面有法可依,但法條零散、各自為政,且許多條文年代久遠(yuǎn),已有增刪修訂之必要。接下來(lái)結(jié)合作者參與的民營(yíng)企業(yè)履行社會(huì)責(zé)任統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果及相關(guān)案例進(jìn)行辨析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)在對(duì)雇員的內(nèi)部管理中,在勞動(dòng)合同簽訂、違法超時(shí)加班加點(diǎn)、社會(huì)保障不足及其它侵犯雇員合法權(quán)益等方面問題突出；在對(duì)外活動(dòng)中,質(zhì)量問題、不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)問題、破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境問題及從事公益事業(yè)動(dòng)力不足問題值得密切關(guān)注。這些問題暴露了我國(guó)在民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任約束與激勵(lì)機(jī)制上的不足,需要在下一階段予以完善。 第三部分我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任約束與激勵(lì)機(jī)制的完善,首先對(duì)我國(guó)民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任缺失的原因進(jìn)行了辨析：內(nèi)因主要是民營(yíng)企業(yè)受自身素質(zhì)與發(fā)展階段限制影響較大,具體而言：民營(yíng)企業(yè)對(duì)自身所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的社會(huì)責(zé)任的認(rèn)識(shí)存在偏差；民營(yíng)企業(yè)內(nèi)部組織制度建設(shè)不夠完善；民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的能力尚須提高。外因則主要是我國(guó)在體制與法律法規(guī)政策方面存在不完善之處、執(zhí)法與監(jiān)督力度不足,未能營(yíng)造一個(gè)適宜民營(yíng)企業(yè)履行社會(huì)責(zé)任的大環(huán)境,詳言之包括以下幾點(diǎn)：我國(guó)正處于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變革時(shí)期,經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革尚在進(jìn)行中,政府政策存在較大不確定性；我國(guó)關(guān)于企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任方面的法律法規(guī)依然存在較多“灰色地帶”；政府有關(guān)部門執(zhí)法不嚴(yán),有法不依更使得企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的落實(shí)雪上加霜；社會(huì)大眾監(jiān)督體制尚未建立起來(lái)；企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證制度缺失。 針對(duì)上述問題,在參考美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)等國(guó)的相關(guān)制度建設(shè)并予以分析后,我們認(rèn)為,要完善民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的約束與激勵(lì)機(jī)制,重點(diǎn)要運(yùn)用法律規(guī)范進(jìn)行約束,具體包括：建立健全企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任法律法規(guī)體系；加大對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的監(jiān)察、執(zhí)法力度。同時(shí)也要多管齊下,綜合入手,充分發(fā)揮工商業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)等非政府組織的引導(dǎo)、促進(jìn)作用；構(gòu)建民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的激勵(lì)機(jī)制。 本文從民營(yíng)企業(yè)這一經(jīng)濟(jì)法主體角度入手,對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任與國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任及《公司法》規(guī)定中的公司社會(huì)責(zé)任概念進(jìn)行比較分析,力求找準(zhǔn)民營(yíng)企業(yè)在社會(huì)責(zé)任承擔(dān)中的定位與范圍,以期在完善其法律約束與激勵(lì)機(jī)制時(shí)做到全面與適度。在構(gòu)建民營(yíng)企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的激勵(lì)與約束機(jī)制時(shí),秉承經(jīng)濟(jì)法社會(huì)本位理念,注重將民營(yíng)企業(yè)作為社會(huì)整體利益實(shí)現(xiàn)的重要組成部分,通過工商業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)之“光彩事業(yè)”中法治與德治相結(jié)合、他律與自律共發(fā)展的社會(huì)責(zé)任承擔(dān)模式,促進(jìn)民營(yíng)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的承擔(dān),進(jìn)而有利于民營(yíng)企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)與論證分析,是本文的特殊與獨(dú)到之處。不妥之處,敬請(qǐng)各位老師批評(píng)指正。
[Abstract]:After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, private enterprises have gained a vigorous development, and the situation of social responsibility has become more and more concerned. The private enterprise is the main body of economic law that emerges under the specific economic background, is an important part of our country's economic life, and they assume social responsibility, not only have the influence on their own interests, but also have an impact on the society as a whole. Economic law is the method of social standard, and its goal is to promote the stable and harmonious development of the social economy, so it is necessary to regulate and control the behavior of the private enterprise to take the social responsibility. The private enterprise should, under the concept of the social standard of economic law, take its own as an integral part of the society and take the corresponding social responsibility. By improving the overall interests of the society, the private enterprise can reduce the polarization of the two poles, and further improve the economic and social status of the private enterprise. The theoretical research on the social responsibility of the private enterprises is very late, and there are many 鈥渧acuum zone鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2362594