論股東代表訴訟對原告的激勵機(jī)制
發(fā)布時間:2018-10-30 13:36
【摘要】:隨著現(xiàn)代公司規(guī)模的日漸擴(kuò)大,公司資本與股東數(shù)量急劇增加(尤其是在股份有限公司中),公司董事會集中了公司越來越多的權(quán)力,公司的所有權(quán)與控制權(quán)發(fā)生分離。董事會確立了其在公司中的核心地位,他們對外享有的不受限制的代理權(quán)、對內(nèi)享有公司事務(wù)的一般性管理權(quán)以及越權(quán)行為有效的原則更使其至高無上。由此帶來了公司管理中的一大問題,即如何防止董事權(quán)力濫用、有效保護(hù)公司以及公司中小股東的利益。權(quán)力與職責(zé)相對應(yīng),董事的權(quán)力擴(kuò)張必然要求其承擔(dān)的責(zé)任要加重,公司法需要加強(qiáng)對董事的約束與監(jiān)督體制。 公司具有獨立法人資格,在公司利益受到侵害時應(yīng)該由自己通過公司意思機(jī)構(gòu)來尋求救濟(jì),但有些情況下這樣操作會導(dǎo)致不公正:由于現(xiàn)代公司所有與經(jīng)營權(quán)的分離,侵害公司利益的往往是公司董事、大股東或高管,他們掌握著公司的意思機(jī)構(gòu)、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)等重要機(jī)構(gòu),不可能自己起訴自己。此時,法律便賦予符合一定條件的公司股東以代為行使公司訴權(quán)的權(quán)利,以股東個人名義起訴,勝訴利益由公司享有,以此來保護(hù)公司及多數(shù)股東之利益。 股東代表訴訟是適應(yīng)“所有與控制相分離”而產(chǎn)生的公司法律制度,是對公司獨立人格和資本多數(shù)決原則的否認(rèn)。他賦予少數(shù)股東在公司利益受損而內(nèi)部救濟(jì)缺失的情況下直接提起代表訴訟的權(quán)利,對約束與監(jiān)督公司董事侵害公司利益行為可以起到良好的作用,對公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)亦起到重構(gòu)之效。實際上,不僅公司董事會有可能侵害公司和中小股東的利益,公司大股東、經(jīng)理等在公司運作中能夠起到重要決定性作用的人都可能成為侵犯的主體,而公司外的第三人同樣可以因為侵害公司利益而成為股東代表訴訟的被告。 當(dāng)今世界,股東代表訴訟制度在美國發(fā)展的最為完善與成熟,發(fā)揮著較大作用,實際上此項制度起源于英國,后逐漸被大陸法系國家移植并進(jìn)行了本土化發(fā)展。我國自確立股東代表訴訟制度以來,缺乏對訴訟程序的具體操作性規(guī)定以及相關(guān)法律解釋,公司股東對代表訴訟了解不夠深入,也缺乏提起訴訟的積極性,實踐中提起訴訟的案件少之又少,勝訴的案例更是屈指可數(shù),不禁使得這一制度成為了“擺設(shè)”。為此,我國立法應(yīng)從實體規(guī)定和程序規(guī)則兩方面努力完善股東代表訴訟制度,加強(qiáng)對原告提起訴訟的鼓勵措施,使這一制度落到實處從而真正起到保護(hù)股東以及公司利益的作用。 本文共有六章內(nèi)容。第一章主要介紹股東代表訴訟制度在我國的發(fā)展過程、現(xiàn)狀以及完善對股東代表訴訟中原告激勵機(jī)制的必要性;其余五章分別從股東代表訴訟制度原告的主體資格、股東代表訴訟收費制度、訴訟費用補(bǔ)償制度、原告的直接受償權(quán)、特殊的舉證責(zé)任以及訴訟時效等方面介紹了國外股東代表訴訟制度的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗,并結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律環(huán)境就如何建立有效機(jī)制來激勵公司股東為了公司利益提起股東代表訴訟進(jìn)行了探討與制度構(gòu)建。 不可否認(rèn),股東代表訴訟制度可以有利保障公司及中小股東的利益,監(jiān)督公司高層的職務(wù)行為,對現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理模式的建立和完善起到有效的促進(jìn)作用,但在此過程中還應(yīng)注意把握平衡,防止過度激勵而導(dǎo)致濫訴現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:With the increasing scale of modern companies, the company's capital and shareholders increased sharply (especially in the joint stock limited company). The board of directors of the company has concentrated more and more power in the company, and the ownership and control right of the company is separated. The Board established its core status in the company, the unrestricted right of agency they enjoyed, the general management of the internal enjoyment of corporate affairs, and the effective principles of ultra vires action to make it paramount. This brings about a big problem in the management of the company, namely how to prevent the abuse of the director's power, the effective protection of the company and the interests of the small and medium-sized shareholders of the company. The powers and duties correspond to the responsibilities of directors, and the company law needs to strengthen the restraint and supervision system of directors. The company has independent legal personality and should seek relief through the means of the company when the interests of the company are infringed, but in some cases the operation can lead to unfair: because of the separation of all the management rights of the modern company, the interests of the company are often the public A director, a large shareholder, or a high-ranking director of the division who holds an important institution such as the company's means of meaning, executing agency, etc., may not be able to function itself. In this case, the law gives the shareholders of the company that meet certain conditions to exercise the rights of the company's shareholders on behalf of the company, and in the name of the shareholders, the prevailing interests shall be enjoyed by the company in order to protect the company and the majority of the shareholders The shareholder's representative action is the company's legal system that adapts to the 鈥淎ll separation from control鈥,
本文編號:2300150
[Abstract]:With the increasing scale of modern companies, the company's capital and shareholders increased sharply (especially in the joint stock limited company). The board of directors of the company has concentrated more and more power in the company, and the ownership and control right of the company is separated. The Board established its core status in the company, the unrestricted right of agency they enjoyed, the general management of the internal enjoyment of corporate affairs, and the effective principles of ultra vires action to make it paramount. This brings about a big problem in the management of the company, namely how to prevent the abuse of the director's power, the effective protection of the company and the interests of the small and medium-sized shareholders of the company. The powers and duties correspond to the responsibilities of directors, and the company law needs to strengthen the restraint and supervision system of directors. The company has independent legal personality and should seek relief through the means of the company when the interests of the company are infringed, but in some cases the operation can lead to unfair: because of the separation of all the management rights of the modern company, the interests of the company are often the public A director, a large shareholder, or a high-ranking director of the division who holds an important institution such as the company's means of meaning, executing agency, etc., may not be able to function itself. In this case, the law gives the shareholders of the company that meet certain conditions to exercise the rights of the company's shareholders on behalf of the company, and in the name of the shareholders, the prevailing interests shall be enjoyed by the company in order to protect the company and the majority of the shareholders The shareholder's representative action is the company's legal system that adapts to the 鈥淎ll separation from control鈥,
本文編號:2300150
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