本文選題：衡平居次 + 關聯(lián)公司��； 參考：《復旦大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 法人格獨立作為現(xiàn)代公司制度的基石,在大多數(shù)國家法律都有所體現(xiàn),其表現(xiàn)為股東有限責任的財產(chǎn)責任形式。在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟社會中,有限責任的濫用常常導致利益上的失衡,尤其是具有控制和從屬關系的關聯(lián)企業(yè)的出現(xiàn),加劇了這種利益失衡的狀態(tài),對有限責任制度帶來了很大的挑戰(zhàn),各國法律都試圖對這一現(xiàn)象做出回應,衡平居次原則就是在這種背景下確立的。衡平居次原則產(chǎn)生于英美法系,立足于權利保護和利益衡平的價值理念,當處于控制地位的企業(yè)或者股東使用了有違公平交易的手段,則會導致其債權劣后于從屬企業(yè)其他債權人的法律后果。我國學者已明確提出將衡平居次原則引入我國法律體系,但是對于該原則的理論研究還不夠系統(tǒng)和全面，多是在債權人保護、法人格否認等方面的論述中有所涉及,為了更全面的認識衡平居次原則,以便為我國法律所借鑒,本文嘗試對該原則進行專題探討,全文分為五章： 第一章闡述了衡平居次原則的界定和法理基礎。該章分析我國學者對于衡平居次原則含義的幾種觀點,試圖對該原則的概念進行全面的闡述；闡述了衡平居次原則的法理基礎,包括公平正義理念、誠實信用原則和禁止權利濫用原則,這些原則都作為基本原則規(guī)定于我國《民法通則》中,為我國引入該原則奠定了理論基礎。 第二章介紹了衡平居次原則源流。衡平居次原則的產(chǎn)生的原因在于控制權濫用導致的利益失衡,該原則產(chǎn)生于美國判例法,在不斷地法律適用中得到發(fā)展,并被其他國家和地區(qū)所引用,加拿大通過判例的方式加以適用,而我國臺灣地區(qū)則通過成文法的形式在《公司法》中引入了該原則。該章對衡平居次原則的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展進行簡要的評析,指出衡平居次原則未來發(fā)展的趨勢。 第三章比較了衡平居次原則與債權人保護的其他原則,包括揭開公司面紗原則、實質合并原則和控制股東誠信義務原則。該章依次介紹了這三項制度,并與衡平居次原則進行比較分析,以便更加清晰地展現(xiàn)出衡平居次原則制度上的特點和優(yōu)勢。 第四章是本文的重點。本章對衡平居次原則的適用進行深入的研究,從適用的主體、適用的條件、適用的限制和適用的例外幾個方面對該原則進行全面的探討,其中融合了美國司法實踐的最新成果。 第五章提出了我國引入衡平居次原則的一些思考。首先,我國《公司法》還停留在單一企業(yè)立法的傳統(tǒng)模式,無法適應現(xiàn)實需要,亟需立法的跟進；其次,“揭開公司面紗”的引入在保護債權人方面存在缺陷,引入衡平居次原則可以對其進行很好的修正。最后,筆者提出了我國引入衡平居次原則的幾點思考。
[Abstract]:As the cornerstone of modern company system, the independence of legal personality is embodied in most national laws, which is manifested in the form of property liability of shareholders' limited liability. In modern economic society, the abuse of limited liability often leads to the imbalance of interests, especially the emergence of affiliated enterprises with control and subordination, which exacerbates the imbalance of interests and brings great challenges to the limited liability system. National laws are trying to respond to this phenomenon, the principle of equality is established in this context. The principle of equalization arises from the Anglo-American legal system and is based on the value concept of protection of rights and balance of interests, when the enterprises or shareholders in the controlling position use the means that are contrary to the fair trade. It will lead to the inferior creditor's rights in the subordinate enterprise other creditors legal consequences. Chinese scholars have clearly proposed to introduce the principle of equalization into the legal system of our country, but the theoretical research on this principle is not systematic and comprehensive enough, mostly in the protection of creditors, the denial of legal personality, and so on. In order to understand the principle of equalization in order to draw lessons from the law of our country, this paper tries to discuss the principle, which is divided into five chapters: The first chapter expounds the definition and legal basis of the principle of equalization. This chapter analyzes several viewpoints of Chinese scholars on the meaning of the principle of equalization, and tries to expound the concept of the principle comprehensively, and expounds the legal basis of the principle of equalization, including the concept of fairness and justice. The principle of good faith and the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights are all stipulated as basic principles in the General principles of Civil Law of our country, which lays a theoretical foundation for the introduction of this principle in our country. The second chapter introduces the origin of the principle of equalization. The cause of the principle of equalization is the imbalance of interests caused by the abuse of control rights. The principle is derived from the case law of the United States and has been developed in the application of the law and used by other countries and regions. Canada applies by way of case law, and Taiwan region of our country introduces this principle in the form of statutory law. This chapter makes a brief analysis on the emergence and development of the principle of equalization, and points out the trend of the development of the principle in the future. Chapter three compares the principle of equalization with other principles of creditor protection, including the principle of lifting the veil of company, the principle of substantial merger and the principle of controlling shareholders' bona fide obligation. This chapter introduces the three systems in turn and makes a comparative analysis with the principle of equalization in order to show more clearly the characteristics and advantages of the system. The fourth chapter is the focus of this paper. This chapter makes a thorough study on the application of the principle of equalization, and probes into the principle from the aspects of the subject, the conditions, the restrictions and the exceptions of the application, which integrates the latest achievements of the judicial practice in the United States. The fifth chapter puts forward some thoughts on introducing the principle of equalization in our country. First of all, the Company Law of our country is still stuck in the traditional mode of single enterprise legislation, which can not meet the needs of reality, and needs to be followed up by legislation. Secondly, the introduction of "unveiling the company veil" has defects in the protection of creditors. By introducing the principle of equalization, we can make a good amendment to it. Finally, the author puts forward some thoughts on introducing the principle of equalization in our country.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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本文編號：1988772