本文選題：公司章程 + 股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：公司章程是公司在治理過程中不可或缺的制度,是公司的“靈魂”。公司章程在公司治理過程中的地位隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展而日益凸顯,但是實(shí)際過程中出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)章程與公司法原則性規(guī)定的沖突也層出不窮,如何解決沖突和章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的認(rèn)定問題是目前學(xué)者討論頗多的話題。章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的規(guī)定在章程成立之初經(jīng)過全體股東的一致認(rèn)可,但卻與公司法“股東自由轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)”的規(guī)定相矛盾。目前中國法官關(guān)于公司章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力判案依據(jù)上總是一概而論,直接適用公司法中關(guān)于股份有限公司的股權(quán)自由轉(zhuǎn)讓的原則性規(guī)定,其未深入探討具體案例的公司類型和原則性規(guī)定的適用環(huán)境以及原則性規(guī)定與公司法基本原則的不同之處。經(jīng)濟(jì)的自由發(fā)展已經(jīng)日新月異,公司法的誕生有其特殊的時(shí)代政治背景,一些僵硬的法律條文已經(jīng)與司法實(shí)務(wù)格格不入,突破法律的原則性規(guī)定而制定出更符合現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的法律則是正道,賦予章程更多的公司自治權(quán)也是對(duì)封閉式公司人合性的保障和對(duì)股東信義義務(wù)的維護(hù)。此篇論文闡述的對(duì)象為封閉式股份公司,對(duì)有限責(zé)任公司則不加討論。封閉式股份公司以人合性特征為主,充分尊重股東之間的合意,因此封閉式股份公司與有限責(zé)任公司如出一轍,其章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓可以參考有限責(zé)任公司,股東自由轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的原則性規(guī)定在此就要適當(dāng)做出變通。尊重股東的意思自治也是充分尊重自由市場的表現(xiàn)之一,法律作為權(quán)利救濟(jì)的最后屏障有其強(qiáng)制性和公平性,給予相關(guān)主體平等的權(quán)利義務(wù),明確法律責(zé)任,那么權(quán)利義務(wù)主體也就會(huì)進(jìn)行健康有序的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。因此目前出現(xiàn)的公司章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓效力問題要具體問題具體分析,在封閉式股份公司中章程只要不違反公司法的基本原則,以股東和公司利益為主,則章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓也無絕對(duì)禁止的正當(dāng)理由。我們要充分借鑒外國司法經(jīng)驗(yàn),充分發(fā)揮公司章程和公司法律體系各自的功效。只有通過不斷的實(shí)踐積累,公司章程和公司法基本原則互相融合的時(shí)機(jī)也會(huì)越來越快,公司自身利益的最大化和國家利益的健康發(fā)展才會(huì)持續(xù)進(jìn)行。 本文第一章概括講述了目前司法理論實(shí)務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀以及產(chǎn)生誤區(qū)的三個(gè)原因,一是司法實(shí)務(wù)對(duì)公司類型不加區(qū)分,誤認(rèn)為所有的股份公司都適用公司法有關(guān)股份公司的法律規(guī)定：二是混淆了原則性規(guī)定和基本原則,兩者的效力位階是不同的；三是輕視公司章程在公司治理中的地位。本文第二章根據(jù)第一章提出的三個(gè)原因?qū)Ψ忾]式股份公司章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的可行性進(jìn)行了分析,從對(duì)封閉式股份公司的探討看章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的可能性,從對(duì)原則性規(guī)定和基本原則的闡述看章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的法律依據(jù),從章程在封閉式股份公司所處的地位看章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的制度保障。本文第三章則從國家立法建議、公司治理和司法實(shí)務(wù)三個(gè)角度提出了封閉式股份公司章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的制度完善,并給予法官今后一個(gè)清晰的判案思路。
[Abstract]:The articles of association of a company are an indispensable system in the process of governance and the "soul" of the company. The status of the articles of association in the process of corporate governance is becoming increasingly prominent with the continuous development of the social and economic development. However, the conflict of regulations and the principles of the company law emerged in the actual process, and how to solve the conflict and the chapter. The problem of determining the transfer of equity transfer is a considerable topic that scholars have discussed at present. The regulations to restrict the transfer of shares are approved by all the shareholders at the beginning of the constitution, but they are inconsistent with the provisions of the "free transfer of stockholders" by the company law. At present, a judge on the effectiveness of the Chinese judge on the limitation of the transfer of shares in the articles of association of the company According to the general rule, the principle of the free transfer of equity in the company law is directly applied to the company law. It does not thoroughly discuss the applicable environment of the type of company and the principle of the principle of the specific case and the difference between the principle and the basic principles of the company law. The free development of the economy has changed with each passing day. The birth of the judiciary has its special political background. Some rigid legal provisions have been incompatible with the judicial practice. It is the right way to make out the law which is more in line with the modern society. It is also the right way to make the law more consistent with the modern society. In this paper, the object of this paper is closed joint-stock company and the limited liability company is not discussed. The closed joint-stock company is based on the characteristics of human nature and fully respects the agreement between the shareholders. Therefore, the closed stock company is similar to the limited liability company, and the limited liability transfer can be referred to the limited liability company. The principle of the shareholders' free transfer of stock right should be properly adjusted here. Respect for the autonomy of the shareholders is also one of the manifestations of the full respect for the free market. The law, as the final barrier of right relief, has its mandatory and fair nature, giving the relevant subjects equal rights and meaning, clear legal responsibility, and then the subject of rights and obligations also Therefore, a healthy and orderly economic activity will be carried out. Therefore, the current regulations of the company's articles of incorporation restrict the validity of the transfer of shares to specific analysis. As long as the articles of association of the closed stock company do not violate the basic principles of the company law and the interests of the shareholders and the company are mainly in the interests of the shareholders, there is no justification for the absolute prohibition of the transfer of Zhang Chengxian's ownership. We should make full use of foreign judicial experience and give full play to the respective functions of the company's articles of association and the legal system of the company. Only through continuous practice, the timing of the integration of the basic principles of the company's constitution and the company law will become faster and faster. The maximization of the company's own interests and the healthy development of the national interests will continue.
The first chapter of this article summarizes the present situation of the judicial practice and the three reasons for the misunderstanding. One is that the judicial practice does not distinguish the type of the company, and mistaken that all the joint-stock companies apply the legal provisions of the company law on the company law: two, the principle and the basic principles are confused. Different; the three is to disregard the status of the articles of association in corporate governance. The second chapter analyzes the feasibility of restricting the transfer of shares by the articles of association of the closed stock company according to the three reasons of the first chapter. From the discussion of the closed stock company, the possibility of restricting the transfer of the shares by the articles of association is seen from the principle and the basic. The third chapter of the article puts forward the system perfection of the restricted stock transfer from the three angles of the national legislative proposal, the corporate governance and the judicial practice, from the three angles of the national legislative proposal, the corporate governance and the judicial practice. And give the judge a clear thinking of the case in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 彭莉;有限責(zé)任公司股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓法律問題研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1939807