本文選題：有限公司章程　切入點：強(qiáng)制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 2005年《公司法》修訂后,公司的自治權(quán)利有所擴(kuò)大,如《公司法》第72條第四款規(guī)定：“公司章程對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓另有規(guī)定的,從其規(guī)定�！睆倪@條規(guī)定可以看出,法律已經(jīng)明確規(guī)定有限公司可以對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓做一定的安排,但該法卻沒有對公司具體可以做什么樣的安排作出明確界定,有人認(rèn)為可以解釋成法無禁止即自由,有限公司可以對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓相關(guān)事項做任意安排甚至可以作出與第72條前三款相反的規(guī)定。因此,實踐中也出現(xiàn)了大量的有限公司在章程中規(guī)定與《公司法》第72條前三款相沖突的章程條款,其中以章程條款強(qiáng)制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)和章程條款限制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)最為常見。那么這些章程條款的效力如何?本文分別對這兩種情況加以分析,對于有限公司章程強(qiáng)制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的效力問題,筆者從股權(quán)性質(zhì)和章程自治界限兩方面進(jìn)行分析,從股權(quán)的性質(zhì)來看,股權(quán)是股東的固有權(quán)利,公司章程強(qiáng)制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的條款應(yīng)是無效的,從章程自治界限來看,公司章程強(qiáng)制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)超出了公司自治的界限,應(yīng)是無效的。對于有限公司章程限制股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的效力問題,由于在實踐中,公司對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的限制通常是限制股東向外轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán),并且這種限制往往達(dá)到禁止或變相禁止股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的程度,因此,筆者在本文中主要研究這種極端情況下有限公司章程限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的效力。筆者從支持有限公司限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓的理論基礎(chǔ)入手,得出其從理論基礎(chǔ)向外的進(jìn)一步推導(dǎo)過程中出現(xiàn)的缺陷,加之其亦不符合《公司法》第72條前三款的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定,得出公司限制股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓達(dá)到禁止或變相禁止股東向外轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的程度的章程條款無效的結(jié)論。最后,本文通過對境外相關(guān)立法的借鑒和對我國學(xué)者觀點的參考,經(jīng)過筆者思考分析,提出了幾點對公司章程與股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓沖突問題的結(jié)決辦法。
[Abstract]:After the amendment of the Company Law in 2005, the right of autonomy of the company has been expanded. For example, Article 72 (4) of the Company Law stipulates: "if the articles of association of a company otherwise provide for the transfer of shares, the provisions of the articles of association shall prevail."From this provision, we can see that the law has clearly stipulated that limited companies may make certain arrangements for the transfer of shares, but the law does not clearly define what kind of arrangements can be made by companies.It was suggested that it could be interpreted as free without prohibition and that limited companies could make arbitrary arrangements on matters related to the transfer of shares or even make provisions contrary to the first three paragraphs of article 72.Therefore, in practice, there are a large number of articles of association that are in conflict with the first three paragraphs of Article 72 of Company Law, among which the articles of association are the most common to force shareholders to transfer equity and articles of association to restrict shareholders from transferring equity.So what is the effect of these articles of association?In this paper, the author analyzes these two situations separately. The author analyzes the validity of the limited company's articles of association from two aspects: the nature of ownership and the limits of autonomy of articles of association.Equity is the inherent right of shareholders, and the articles of association that compel shareholders to transfer equity should be invalid. From the point of view of the autonomy of articles of association, the compulsory transfer of shares by shareholders in articles of association is beyond the limits of corporate autonomy and should be null and void.With regard to the validity of limited company articles of association restricting shareholders to transfer equity, because in practice, the limitation of company on equity transfer is usually to restrict shareholders from transferring equity to outside.And this kind of restriction often achieves the prohibition or the disguised prohibition of the share right transfer, therefore, in this article, the author mainly studies this kind of extreme situation limited company articles of association limit the stock right transfer effect.Starting from the theoretical basis of supporting limited company to restrict the transfer of equity, the author finds out the defects in the further derivation from the theoretical basis, and it also does not conform to the mandatory provisions of the first three paragraphs of Article 72 of the Company Law.It is concluded that the articles of association which restrict the transfer of shares to the extent of prohibiting or disguised prohibiting shareholders from transferring their shares to the outside are invalid.Finally, through the reference of overseas legislation and the views of Chinese scholars, the author puts forward several methods to resolve the conflict between the articles of association and the transfer of shares.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 張志紅;股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓中股東配偶的權(quán)利保障研究[D];山東大學(xué);2011年

2 趙科軻;公司章程法律性質(zhì)研究[D];河南師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1714639