本文選題：公司章程　切入點：無效制度　出處：《安徽大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 公司作為現(xiàn)代社會最重要的企業(yè)組織形式,掌握著世界大部分的財富,對整個社會具有極大的影響力。公司章程是公司必備的有發(fā)起人共同制定的,規(guī)定公司名稱、宗旨、經營范圍、組織機構、出資方式、權利義務分配等重大事項的自治規(guī)則,其對公司具有重要意義。新《公司法》強化了公司章程的自治功能,賦予了公司章程更大的自治空間,但《公司法》未對公司章程的無效作出規(guī)定,使得實踐中出現(xiàn)公司章程違法等情形時無法解決。對此,有必要對公司章程的無效問題進行理論上的探討,以解決實踐中出現(xiàn)的問題,從而進一步完善我國的公司章程制度。 公司章程無效是指經公司登記機關審查登記的公司章程,因違反法律、行政法規(guī)的強制性規(guī)定、損害股東權益,或者損害社會公共利益,而導致法律對公司章程的否定性評價,致其不產生預期的法律效果。大陸法系和英美法系兩大法系對公司章程的無效作出了不同之規(guī)定,值得我們借鑒。公司章程無效制度具有重要的意義,能夠促進公司發(fā)展和社會秩序的穩(wěn)定。 公司章程無效的認定從三個方面進行分析。首先是公司章程無效認定的主體問題,筆者通過論證分析,指出股東、董事(會)、監(jiān)事(會)、高級管理人員、公司外部相關主體、有關國家行政機關有權主張公司章程無效,有關行政機關、人民法院和仲裁機構有權確認公司章程無效。其次是公司章程無效認定的標準問題,筆者指出公司章程違反法律、行政法規(guī)的強制性規(guī)范、損害股東利益、損害社會公共利益的無效。最后是公司章程無效認定的程序問題,筆者分析了公司章程無效認定的行政程序和司法程序,指出公司設立登記機關可以依據(jù)申請或者自行對公司章程效力進行審查認定,證監(jiān)會可以依據(jù)申請或者自行對上市公司的章程效力進行審查認定,對公司設立登記機關和證監(jiān)會作出的決定有異議的,可以提起行政復議或者行政訴訟；股東、董事(會)、監(jiān)事(會)、高級管理人員以及公司外部利益相關者可以以公司為被告向公司注冊登記地法院提起訴訟,法院就公司章程是否有效作出相應判決；仲裁機構可以依據(jù)所有股東另行達成的仲裁協(xié)議對章程的效力作出仲裁。 公司章程無效會產生一系列的法律后果,如公司章程整體無效會引起公司設立無效,公司章程條款無效會引起公司章程修改,依據(jù)無效公司章程所作之決議無效。此外,公司章程無效會導致相關主體的民事、行政和刑事法律責任。
[Abstract]:As the most important form of enterprise organization in modern society, the company holds most of the wealth of the world and has great influence on the whole society. The autonomous rules of business scope, organization, capital contribution, distribution of rights and obligations are of great significance to the company. The new Company Law strengthens the autonomous function of the articles of association of the company and gives the articles of association a greater space of autonomy. However, the Company Law does not provide for the invalidation of the articles of association, which makes it impossible to solve the problem of the invalidation of the articles of association in practice when the articles of association are illegal in practice, so it is necessary to make a theoretical discussion on the invalidation of the articles of association. In order to solve the problems in practice, and further improve our company charter system. Invalidity of articles of association means that the articles of association of a company which have been examined and registered by the company registration authority, because they violate the mandatory provisions of the laws and administrative regulations, impair the rights and interests of shareholders, or damage the public interest, The negative evaluation of the articles of association by law does not result in the expected legal effect. The two major legal systems of civil law and common law make different provisions on the invalidity of the articles of association. The system of invalid articles of association is of great significance and can promote the development of the company and the stability of social order. The identification of the invalidity of the articles of association is analyzed from three aspects. First of all, it is the subject problem of the invalidation of the articles of association. The author points out that the shareholders, directors, supervisors (meeting, senior management personnel, external relevant subjects of the company), through demonstration and analysis, The relevant state administrative organs have the right to claim the invalidity of the articles of association of the company, and the relevant administrative organs, people's courts and arbitration institutions have the right to confirm the invalidity of the articles of association of the company. The compulsory regulation of administrative regulations damages the interests of shareholders and the social and public interests. Finally, it is the procedural problem of invalidation of articles of association. The author analyzes the administrative and judicial procedures for invalidation of articles of association. It is pointed out that the company registration authority may examine and determine the validity of the articles of association on the basis of the application or on its own, and the CSRC may examine the validity of the articles of association of the listed company on the basis of the application or on its own. Where there is any objection to the decision made by the company's registration authority and the CSRC, an administrative reconsideration or an administrative lawsuit may be instituted; the shareholders, Directors, supervisors, senior managers and external stakeholders of the company may take the company as the defendant to the court of the place where the company is registered, and the court shall make a corresponding judgment as to whether the articles of association of the company are valid or not; Arbitration institutions may arbitrate the validity of the articles of association on the basis of separate arbitration agreements reached by all shareholders. The invalidation of the articles of association will have a series of legal consequences, such as the invalidation of the articles of association as a whole, the invalidation of the articles of association, the modification of the articles of association, and the invalidation of the resolutions made in accordance with the articles of association of the invalid companies. The invalidation of the articles of association will lead to the civil, administrative and criminal liability of the relevant subjects.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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