【摘要】：司法證明制度是訴訟制度的核心，人類社會(huì)不同階段的不同意識(shí)形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了不同的司法證明制度。早期絕對(duì)自由證明的神明裁判證據(jù)制度，將神的意識(shí)作為證據(jù)裁判的依據(jù)。封建社會(huì)時(shí)期的法定證據(jù)制度，通過制定法律規(guī)則的形式將證據(jù)的證據(jù)能力和證明力問題一一規(guī)定。資本主義社會(huì)時(shí)期，人們對(duì)司法證明制度有了進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)為通過有限的規(guī)則是無法將證據(jù)的有關(guān)問題全部反應(yīng)出來的，只有發(fā)揮人的主觀能動(dòng)性并結(jié)合一定的法律規(guī)則，才能更好的保證司法證明的正確性和審判的公正性。自由心證原則是人們對(duì)司法證明認(rèn)識(shí)的回歸，是人們做出的最終選擇，符合訴訟制度以及訴訟價(jià)值的要求，符合事物的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律。 自由心證原則是指法官或陪審團(tuán)在認(rèn)定事實(shí)的過程中，基于自己的良心和理性，依據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則和邏輯規(guī)則，對(duì)證據(jù)的證明力問題做出自由判斷從而形成內(nèi)心確信的原則或一種證據(jù)制度。 我國(guó)法律雖然對(duì)自由心證原則無明確的規(guī)定，但我國(guó)證據(jù)制度中所謂的自由裁量權(quán)明顯帶有自由心證的性質(zhì)，并且我國(guó)立法和相關(guān)司法解釋中也有關(guān)于自由心證原則的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定。本文主要通過四章對(duì)自由心證證據(jù)制度及其在我國(guó)司法中的理解與把握進(jìn)行論述： 第一章主要論述人類社會(huì)不同時(shí)期的不同證據(jù)制度。由早期絕對(duì)自由的神明裁判制度開始，到法定證據(jù)制度，再到自由心證原則或自由心證證據(jù)制度逐一論述，介紹了不同證據(jù)制度產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間、歷史背景等，并對(duì)各種證據(jù)制度進(jìn)行全面、客觀的評(píng)價(jià)，從中引出了本文論述的主題。 第二章則對(duì)自由心證原則進(jìn)行全面概述。描述了有關(guān)自由心證原則內(nèi)容、價(jià)值和適用的主體、客體、方法論要求和自由心證所要達(dá)到的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題。 第三章則對(duì)我國(guó)立法進(jìn)行梳理。首先，通過梳理法制史，找出自由心證原則在我國(guó)的引入軌跡；其次，通過梳理當(dāng)下的立法與有關(guān)司法解釋，找出我國(guó)現(xiàn)行立法和司法解釋中有關(guān)自由心證的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定；最后，分析自由心證原則在我國(guó)司法應(yīng)用中存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。 第四章主要通過對(duì)自由心證原則與證據(jù)裁判原則、辯論原則、相關(guān)證據(jù)規(guī)則、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則和邏輯規(guī)則、證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題的關(guān)系的全面論述，更加全面、深刻理解和把握自由心證原則，，以更好的指導(dǎo)我國(guó)司法實(shí)踐。 最后，結(jié)語中總結(jié)性的提出法官認(rèn)定事實(shí)中的自由與不自由，結(jié)束全文。
[Abstract]:Judicial proof system is the core of litigation system. Different ideologies in different stages of human society have produced different judicial certification system. The early absolute freedom of proof of the evidence system of the divine judgment, the consciousness of God as the basis for evidentiary adjudication. The legal evidence system in feudal society regulates the evidentiary ability and probative power of evidence in the form of making legal rules. In the capitalist society, people have a further understanding of the judicial proof system, and think that it is impossible to reflect all the relevant problems of evidence through the limited rules, only to give full play to the subjective initiative of human beings and to combine certain legal rules. In order to better guarantee the correctness of judicial proof and justice of the trial. The principle of free proof is the return of people's knowledge of judicial proof, the final choice made by people, accords with the requirements of litigation system and the value of litigation, and accords with the law of cognition of things. The principle of free evidence means that a judge or jury, in the course of determining the facts, is based on his conscience and reason, on the basis of the rule of thumb and the rules of logic. The principle or system of evidence formed by freely judging the probative power of evidence. Although there is no clear stipulation on the principle of free heart evidence in our country's law, the so-called discretion in the evidence system of our country is obviously of the nature of free heart evidence. And in our legislation and related judicial interpretation, there are also relevant legal provisions on the principle of free evidence. This article mainly through the four chapters to the free heart evidence system and its understanding and grasp in our country judicature carries on the elaboration: the first chapter mainly discusses the human society different time different evidence system. Starting from the early absolute freedom of the divine judgment system, to the legal evidence system, to the principle of free heart evidence or the free heart evidence system one by one, this paper introduces the time and historical background of the emergence of different evidence systems. And to all kinds of evidence system to carry on the comprehensive, the objective appraisal, from which leads to the topic which this article discusses. The second chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the principle of free heart evidence. This paper describes the content, value and applicable subject, object, methodology requirements of the principle of free-core evidence and the standard of proof to be met by free-core evidence. The third chapter combs the legislation of our country. First of all, by combing the history of legal system, find out the introduction of the principle of free-mind evidence in our country; secondly, through combing the current legislation and relevant judicial interpretation, find out the relevant legal provisions of the current legislation and judicial interpretation of our country about the free-mind evidence; Finally, this paper analyzes the practical problems existing in the judicial application of the principle of free-mind evidence. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the relationship between the principle of free-mind evidence and the principle of adjudication of evidence, the principle of debate, the relevant rules of evidence, the rule of thumb and the rules of logic, the standard of proof, and so on, which is more comprehensive. Deeply understand and grasp the principle of free proof, in order to better guide our judicial practice. Finally, the conclusion of the judge found the fact of freedom and non-freedom, the end of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D926

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