【摘要】：被譽(yù)為“東方經(jīng)驗(yàn)”的訴訟調(diào)解在我國(guó)建國(guó)之初曾經(jīng)系人民司法的主要工作方式,在經(jīng)歷相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的沉寂后,在本世紀(jì)初又逐步升溫,近兩年更是在全國(guó)掀起了調(diào)解的熱潮,在舉國(guó)倡導(dǎo)調(diào)解的思想指導(dǎo)下,在各級(jí)黨委、政府及司法機(jī)關(guān)的強(qiáng)力推動(dòng)下,訴訟調(diào)解的地位越來(lái)越高,訴訟調(diào)解的壓力越來(lái)越大,訴訟調(diào)解的氛圍越來(lái)越濃,并直接導(dǎo)致近年來(lái)調(diào)解結(jié)案率快速上升。上述現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),主要是是因?yàn)椋狐h委、政府建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)的要求；法院應(yīng)對(duì)執(zhí)行難的無(wú)奈之舉；法官回避社會(huì)矛盾的痛苦選擇。筆者對(duì)這種喧囂的熱潮的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的歸納,并試圖分析、尋找這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的深層次原因。 隨著訴訟調(diào)解熱的不斷升溫,過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)訴訟調(diào)解,雖然在短期內(nèi)取得了一定的社會(huì)效果,但不可否認(rèn)的是,訴訟調(diào)解畢竟存在諸多局限和不足,比如,有失調(diào)解的本質(zhì)特征；有違法官的中立角色；有悖程序的正當(dāng)要求；難言結(jié)果的公平公正；加劇法官的心理矛盾等。筆者在總結(jié)、闡述其存在的主要問(wèn)題的同時(shí),也對(duì)導(dǎo)致這些問(wèn)題的各種原因進(jìn)行了全方位的分析：模糊認(rèn)識(shí)是制約訴訟調(diào)解健康發(fā)展的根本原因；立法滯后是制約訴訟調(diào)解健康發(fā)展的技術(shù)原因；涉訴信訪是制約訴訟調(diào)解健康發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)原因；急功近利是制約訴訟調(diào)解健康發(fā)展的主觀原因。 發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題是解決問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)。針對(duì)目前調(diào)解熱現(xiàn)象存在的主要問(wèn)題,在現(xiàn)階段完善我國(guó)訴訟調(diào)解制度具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。為了解決訴訟調(diào)解制度在地位、程序、隊(duì)伍、方法等方面存在的問(wèn)題,我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)、重視調(diào)解,但是決不能以排擠、犧牲判決為代價(jià),甚至錯(cuò)誤地將調(diào)解置于裁判之上。我們要處理好訴訟調(diào)解與判決的關(guān)系：堅(jiān)持裁判為本,調(diào)解為輔,讓調(diào)解與裁判回歸其本來(lái)面目；要完善訴訟調(diào)解制度,確立當(dāng)事人意思自治為主,國(guó)家干預(yù)為輔的制度,堅(jiān)持調(diào)審分離和引進(jìn)獨(dú)立調(diào)解人制度,建立有限調(diào)解制度,積極探索建立對(duì)調(diào)解的司法審查和救濟(jì)程序；要進(jìn)一步拓展訴訟調(diào)解的職能,建立訴訟調(diào)解、人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解的“三調(diào)聯(lián)動(dòng)”機(jī)制；要不斷提高調(diào)解隊(duì)伍的素質(zhì),設(shè)立調(diào)解人制度,建立一支職業(yè)化的調(diào)解人隊(duì)伍。上述對(duì)策、建議,希望能對(duì)保障訴訟調(diào)解工作的健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展有所裨益。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, litigation mediation, known as the "Oriental experience," was the main working method of the people's judiciary. After a long period of silence, it gradually warmed up at the beginning of this century. In the last two years, there has been an upsurge in mediation throughout the country. Under the guidance of the idea of advocating mediation throughout the country, under the strong push of party committees, governments and judicial organs at all levels, the status of litigation mediation has become increasingly high, and the pressure of litigation mediation has been increasing. The atmosphere of litigation mediation is becoming more and more intense, which directly leads to a rapid increase in the settlement rate of mediation in recent years. The above phenomena are mainly due to the requirements of the Party committee and government to build a harmonious society, the helpless action of the court to deal with the difficulties of execution, and the painful choice of judges to avoid social contradictions. The author makes a brief summary of the characteristics of this noisy upsurge, and tries to find out the deep reasons for the emergence of this kind of social phenomenon. With the increasing heat of litigation mediation, excessive emphasis on litigation mediation, although in the short term has achieved certain social results, but undeniably, litigation mediation after all, there are many limitations and deficiencies, such as, lose the essential characteristics of mediation; In violation of the neutral role of the judge; contrary to the due process requirements; fair and impartial results; aggravate the psychological contradictions of the judge. The author summarizes the main problems and analyzes the causes of these problems: fuzzy understanding is the fundamental reason that restricts the healthy development of litigation mediation; The lag of legislation is the technical reason of restricting the healthy development of litigation mediation, the practical reason of restricting the healthy development of litigation mediation is petition, and the subjective reason of restricting the healthy development of litigation mediation is to make quick and immediate profits. Finding a problem is the basis for solving a problem. In view of the main problems existing in the hot phenomenon of mediation at present, it is of great practical significance to perfect the mediation system of litigation in our country at the present stage. In order to solve the problems existing in the system of litigation mediation in the aspects of status, procedure, team and method, we should emphasize that we should attach importance to mediation, but we must not put mediation above the judgment at the expense of the judgment. We should properly handle the relationship between litigation mediation and judgment: adhere to the principle of umpire as the basis, mediation as the secondary, and let the mediation and the referee return to their true form; we should perfect the litigation mediation system, establish the system of party autonomy as the priority, and the state intervention as the supplement. It is necessary to persist in the separation and introduction of the system of independent mediators, establish a limited mediation system, and actively explore the establishment of judicial review and relief procedures for mediation; it is necessary to further expand the functions of litigation mediation, to establish litigation mediation, and to establish people's mediation, It is necessary to improve the quality of the mediation team, set up a system of mediators, and establish a professional team of mediators. The above countermeasures and suggestions are expected to be beneficial to the health and sustainable development of litigation mediation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D926

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