論檢察一體
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 16:39
【摘要】：國內(nèi)學(xué)者對檢察一體的理解相當混亂甚至存在嚴重錯誤。目前對檢察一體的定義主要有三類即單一要素說、二要素說和三要素說,但無論是單一要素說還是二要素說抑或是三要素說都存在不同程度的片面性且部分理解與檢察一體的原貌相差甚遠。檢察一體這一概念應(yīng)包含四個要素即對外的整體獨立,對內(nèi)的縱向科層式建構(gòu)/上命下從、橫向協(xié)作和檢察官獨立。長期以來,檢察一體作為檢察制度中的一個重要概念被學(xué)者們從不同的視角進行解讀,但幾乎都是以靜態(tài)的方式對其進行理解從而將檢察一體固化為失去活力的僵化物。檢察一體本身是一個極具彈性和活力的范疇。它隨國家權(quán)力運行方式的變化而變化,隨國家政策特別是國家刑事政策目標的變遷而變遷,隨社會文化的轉(zhuǎn)變而轉(zhuǎn)變。國家權(quán)力運行的集中與民主,國家刑事政策目標的打擊與預(yù)防,社會文化的權(quán)威與自由都作為可變量深刻地影響著檢察一體的面相。我國法律明確了檢察機關(guān)與法院、公安機關(guān)相互獨立的關(guān)系,三者具有平等的價值位階;另外,憲法明確規(guī)定了檢察機關(guān)在行使職權(quán)時不受任何黨派、團體、機關(guān)及個人的干涉。因此,與實行“三權(quán)分立”國家所實行的檢察制度相比較,我國檢察機關(guān)在理論上具有“超強”的獨立性。但另一方面,由于檢察機關(guān)受制于公安機關(guān)以及法院。地方黨委、政府控制著檢察機關(guān)人事、財政的現(xiàn)實導(dǎo)致了檢察機關(guān)在實踐中的“超弱”獨立性。為此,必須對現(xiàn)有的檢警關(guān)系、檢察機關(guān)與各級黨委、行政的關(guān)系進行改革。在檢察一體的內(nèi)部縱向關(guān)系上,由于歷史與現(xiàn)實的原因,我國檢察機關(guān)內(nèi)部表現(xiàn)為上命下從有余而檢察官獨立性不夠。故而,必須為上命下從設(shè)定實體和程序的界限。在檢察一體之內(nèi)部橫向協(xié)作方面,我國檢察協(xié)作責(zé)任追究機制乏力使協(xié)作機制的建立流于形式,協(xié)作考核制度欠缺影響協(xié)作積極性的發(fā)揮,經(jīng)費保障的不力制約了協(xié)作機制的建立和完善,地方保護主義困擾橫向協(xié)作機制的正常運行。因此,欲實現(xiàn)檢察機關(guān)之間的協(xié)調(diào)與和諧就必須在橫向協(xié)作的責(zé)任機制、組織保障機制的等方面加強建設(shè)的力度。
[Abstract]:Domestic scholars' understanding of procuratorial unity is quite confused and even serious mistakes. At present, there are three kinds of definitions of procuratorial unity, namely, single element theory, two element theory and three element theory. However, there are different degrees of one-sidedness between the theory of single element, the theory of two elements and the theory of three elements, and part of the understanding is far from the original appearance of procuratorial integration. The concept of "procuratorial integration" should include four elements: external independence, internal vertical hierarchy construction, horizontal cooperation and procurator independence. For a long time, procuratorial unity as an important concept in the procuratorial system has been interpreted by scholars from different perspectives, but almost all of them understand it in a static way so as to solidify the procuratorial body into an inactive ossification. Procuratorial unity itself is a very flexible and dynamic category. It changes with the change of the mode of operation of state power, with the change of national policy, especially the goal of national criminal policy, and with the change of social culture. The centralization and democracy of state power, the attack and prevention of national criminal policy target, the authority and freedom of social culture all have a profound influence on the procuratorial body as variables. Chinese law clearly defines the independent relationship between procuratorial organs, courts, and public security organs, and the three have equal value rank. In addition, the Constitution clearly stipulates that procuratorial organs shall not be subjected to any party or organization when exercising their functions and powers. Interference by organs and individuals Therefore, compared with the procuratorial system implemented by the "separation of powers" countries, the procuratorial organs in our country have "super" independence in theory. But on the other hand, because the procuratorial organ is subject to the public security organ and the court. Local Party committees and governments control procuratorial personnel, and the reality of finance leads to the "super weak" independence of procuratorial organs in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the existing relations between procuratorial and police, procuratorial organs, party committees and administration at all levels. In the internal vertical relationship of procuratorial unity, due to the historical and practical reasons, the internal performance of the procuratorial organs in our country is that the procuratorial organs have more than what is ordered, but the independence of the procurators is not enough. Therefore, the boundaries of entities and procedures must be set for the last order. In the internal horizontal cooperation of the procuratorial body, the weakness of the mechanism of investigating the procuratorial coordination responsibility makes the establishment of the coordination mechanism become a mere formality, and the lack of the cooperative assessment system affects the exertion of the cooperation enthusiasm. The weak fund guarantee restricts the establishment and perfection of the coordination mechanism, and the local protectionism puzzles the normal operation of the horizontal cooperation mechanism. Therefore, in order to realize the coordination and harmony between procuratorial organs, we must strengthen the construction of the responsibility mechanism of horizontal cooperation and the mechanism of organization and security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.3
本文編號：2162348
[Abstract]:Domestic scholars' understanding of procuratorial unity is quite confused and even serious mistakes. At present, there are three kinds of definitions of procuratorial unity, namely, single element theory, two element theory and three element theory. However, there are different degrees of one-sidedness between the theory of single element, the theory of two elements and the theory of three elements, and part of the understanding is far from the original appearance of procuratorial integration. The concept of "procuratorial integration" should include four elements: external independence, internal vertical hierarchy construction, horizontal cooperation and procurator independence. For a long time, procuratorial unity as an important concept in the procuratorial system has been interpreted by scholars from different perspectives, but almost all of them understand it in a static way so as to solidify the procuratorial body into an inactive ossification. Procuratorial unity itself is a very flexible and dynamic category. It changes with the change of the mode of operation of state power, with the change of national policy, especially the goal of national criminal policy, and with the change of social culture. The centralization and democracy of state power, the attack and prevention of national criminal policy target, the authority and freedom of social culture all have a profound influence on the procuratorial body as variables. Chinese law clearly defines the independent relationship between procuratorial organs, courts, and public security organs, and the three have equal value rank. In addition, the Constitution clearly stipulates that procuratorial organs shall not be subjected to any party or organization when exercising their functions and powers. Interference by organs and individuals Therefore, compared with the procuratorial system implemented by the "separation of powers" countries, the procuratorial organs in our country have "super" independence in theory. But on the other hand, because the procuratorial organ is subject to the public security organ and the court. Local Party committees and governments control procuratorial personnel, and the reality of finance leads to the "super weak" independence of procuratorial organs in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the existing relations between procuratorial and police, procuratorial organs, party committees and administration at all levels. In the internal vertical relationship of procuratorial unity, due to the historical and practical reasons, the internal performance of the procuratorial organs in our country is that the procuratorial organs have more than what is ordered, but the independence of the procurators is not enough. Therefore, the boundaries of entities and procedures must be set for the last order. In the internal horizontal cooperation of the procuratorial body, the weakness of the mechanism of investigating the procuratorial coordination responsibility makes the establishment of the coordination mechanism become a mere formality, and the lack of the cooperative assessment system affects the exertion of the cooperation enthusiasm. The weak fund guarantee restricts the establishment and perfection of the coordination mechanism, and the local protectionism puzzles the normal operation of the horizontal cooperation mechanism. Therefore, in order to realize the coordination and harmony between procuratorial organs, we must strengthen the construction of the responsibility mechanism of horizontal cooperation and the mechanism of organization and security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.3
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條
1 萬毅,毛建平;一體與獨立:現(xiàn)代檢察權(quán)運行的雙重機制[J];河北大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2004年02期
2 陳衛(wèi)東;李訓(xùn)虎;;檢察一體與檢察官獨立[J];法學(xué)研究;2006年01期
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