發(fā)布時間：2018-07-03 21:20

  本文選題：海洋生態(tài) + 海洋環(huán)境��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：長期以來海洋為人類提供了大量的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),是人類發(fā)展的重要環(huán)境。然而各種污染事故,在對海洋生態(tài)造成嚴重破壞的同時,也給人類造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。我國《海洋環(huán)境保護法》第90條第2款對海洋環(huán)境損害的救濟作出規(guī)定。雖然該法條賦予海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)督管理機構(gòu)以原告資格提起海洋環(huán)境損害賠償之訴,但是本法中的“海洋環(huán)境”并不等同全部“海洋生態(tài)”,法律規(guī)定的不明確,使部分“海洋生態(tài)”得不到法律的保護,造成實踐中存在諸多問題。給我國保護海洋生態(tài)的工作帶來了很多麻煩。為此急需構(gòu)建保護此類“海洋生態(tài)”的損害民事賠償訴訟制度,尤其是要明確能夠提起海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴的原告資格。 本文對國內(nèi)外在提起海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴原告資格問題方面的學(xué)理和實踐進行全面研究分析,同時對檢察機關(guān),行政機關(guān),公民、法人或其他組織作為原告時的優(yōu)缺點加以全面客觀地比較,指出行政機關(guān)現(xiàn)階段部門分工不明確,在行政執(zhí)法的過程中還會摻雜部門的私利,導(dǎo)致行政執(zhí)法不透明,從而影響海洋生態(tài)損害的及時有效得到救濟；公民、法人或其他組織因為自身性質(zhì)等客觀因素,如果作為海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴中的原告,那么與被告(一般是大型企業(yè)或組織)相比,在舉證責任的承擔、在提起訴訟的動力,甚至于在訴訟信心上都要相對弱勢,這種不平等的狀況會影響海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴的正常進行,還可能影響訴訟的結(jié)果。而檢察機關(guān)可以克服以上兩個主體在提起訴訟時所面臨的問題,因此就可以明確我國現(xiàn)階段檢察機關(guān)在此類海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴的原告地位。 但是檢察機關(guān)作為原告提起海洋生態(tài)損害民事賠償之訴仍然有不要完善的地方,文中還對此不足提出若干合理建議,其主要目的就是使我國在海洋生態(tài)損害救濟上有法可依,構(gòu)建一個完善的海洋生態(tài)損害賠償民事賠償訴訟的法律制度,發(fā)揮檢察機關(guān)的能動作用,使我國的海洋生態(tài)得到更好的保護。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the ocean has provided a large number of material products and services for human beings, and is an important environment for human development. However, all kinds of pollution accidents not only cause serious damage to marine ecology, but also cause huge economic losses to human beings. Article 90, paragraph 2, of the Marine Environment Protection Law of China provides for the relief of damage to the marine environment. Although the law gives the marine environmental supervision and administration authority the right to sue for damages to the marine environment in the plaintiff's capacity, the term "marine environment" in this law is not equal to all "marine ecology", and the provisions of the law are not clear. Some marine ecology can not be protected by law, resulting in many problems in practice. It brings a lot of trouble to the protection of marine ecology in our country. Therefore, it is urgent to construct a civil damages litigation system to protect such "marine ecology", especially to clarify the plaintiff's qualification to file a suit for marine ecological damage civil compensation. This paper makes a comprehensive research and analysis on the academic theory and practice of bringing up the issue of the plaintiff's qualification in the civil compensation for marine ecological damage at home and abroad. At the same time, it also makes a comprehensive research and analysis on the procuratorial organs, administrative organs, citizens, The advantages and disadvantages of legal persons or other organizations as plaintiffs are compared comprehensively and objectively. It is pointed out that the division of labor in administrative departments is not clear at the present stage, and the private interests of departments will be mixed in the process of administrative law enforcement, which will lead to opacity in administrative law enforcement. Thus affecting the timely and effective relief of marine ecological damage; citizens, legal persons or other organizations, because of their own nature and other objective factors, if as the plaintiff in civil compensation for marine ecological damage, Well, compared with the defendant (usually a large enterprise or organization), the burden of proof is relatively weak in terms of the burden of proof, the motivation to initiate a lawsuit, and even the confidence in litigation. This inequality will affect the normal conduct of civil claims for marine ecological damage, and may also affect the outcome of the proceedings. The procuratorial organ can overcome the problems that the above two subjects face when they file a lawsuit, so we can make clear the plaintiff status of the procuratorial organ in this kind of marine ecological damage civil compensation suit at the present stage in our country. However, the procuratorial organ, as the plaintiff, still has some problems in bringing a suit for civil compensation for marine ecological damage. The paper also puts forward some reasonable suggestions for this deficiency, the main purpose of which is to make our country have legal basis for the relief of marine ecological damage. A perfect legal system of civil compensation for marine ecological damages should be established to give full play to the active role of procuratorial organs so that the marine ecology of our country can be better protected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.6;D925.1;D926.3

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7 李o，

本文編號：2095043