本文選題：公證監(jiān)督 + 司法行政監(jiān)督�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在私權(quán)自治理念與ADR勃興的背景下，公證能夠發(fā)揮其預(yù)防性、事前介入糾紛的作用。作為國家證明權(quán)的公證權(quán)也需嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)督制約機制，以契合公證公信力對于法定性和穩(wěn)定性的民眾心理需求。我國現(xiàn)行公證監(jiān)督體系可分為司法行政監(jiān)督及行業(yè)自律，然而從公證實踐來看，依然存在諸多弊端及制度性缺陷。本文將檢視我國公證監(jiān)督機制的缺漏與困境，并在借鑒域外的經(jīng)驗之后，提出我國公證監(jiān)督制度的完善建議。 具體而言，本文除引言和結(jié)論外，共分為四部分： 第一部分為公證監(jiān)督的基本理論：公證制度是私權(quán)自治理念及現(xiàn)代分權(quán)思想的衍生物。公證屬于廣義ADR的一種，因而也需要相對完備的監(jiān)督機制來規(guī)范其適用。公證在社會信用體系的邊緣化及公證程序正義的強烈建構(gòu)聲，使得公證監(jiān)督尤為必要。 第二部分為域外公證監(jiān)督制度的比較考察：拉丁公證的監(jiān)督模式以司法行政監(jiān)督及行業(yè)自律為主，更加偏重于后者，再輔以法院監(jiān)督或檢察院監(jiān)督；監(jiān)督方式上則涵括業(yè)務(wù)檢查、申訴、懲戒、公證民事賠償制度等。英美公證制度國家在公證監(jiān)督上雖不如拉丁公證般嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、重視，但依然有較完備的行業(yè)監(jiān)督細(xì)則。 第三部分反思我國公證監(jiān)督機制的困境：公證當(dāng)事人審查的缺失、公證人法律責(zé)任定位的模糊、公證不正當(dāng)競爭的惡性循環(huán)構(gòu)成了公證程序運作中的三大監(jiān)管漏洞，“沉默的”公證人及流于形式的公證審批制度導(dǎo)致了公證內(nèi)部監(jiān)管的異化，而司法行政機關(guān)監(jiān)管功能薄弱、行業(yè)自律作用機制不暢形成了公證外部監(jiān)管的障礙。 第四部分提出對完善我國公證監(jiān)督制度的思考：公證內(nèi)部監(jiān)管機制的完善離不開公證行業(yè)的規(guī)范化建設(shè)：應(yīng)落實對公證當(dāng)事人適格的審查義務(wù)，實行公證委員會審批制下的公證審批制度；明確“以人為本”的公證人法律責(zé)任定位，實現(xiàn)公證人權(quán)責(zé)統(tǒng)一；加強公證收費制度的檢查，遏制不正當(dāng)競爭；改變傳統(tǒng)司法行政的強勢監(jiān)管，充分發(fā)揮行業(yè)自律自治監(jiān)督機能。而公證與民事訴訟的合理銜接將成為公證外部制衡機制的有力支撐：法院作為第三方獨立監(jiān)督機構(gòu)，，將會介入公證監(jiān)督，形成與司法行政監(jiān)督、行業(yè)自律的對接；完善公證證據(jù)規(guī)則并將公證證據(jù)采信規(guī)則從民事訴訟中剝離。
[Abstract]:Under the background of private autonomy and ADR, notarization can play its preventive role and intervene in disputes beforehand.The notarization right, as a national right of proof, also needs strict supervision and restriction mechanism, in order to meet the public psychological needs of legalization and stability.The current system of notarization supervision in China can be divided into judicial administrative supervision and industry self-discipline. However, from the practice of notarization, there are still many drawbacks and institutional defects.This paper will examine the defects and difficulties of our country's notarization supervision mechanism, and put forward some suggestions on how to perfect our country's notarization supervision system after drawing lessons from overseas experience.Specifically, in addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into four parts:The first part is the basic theory of notarization supervision: notarization system is a derivative of the idea of private autonomy and modern decentralization.Notarization is a kind of generalized ADR, so it needs a relatively complete supervision mechanism to regulate its application.The marginalization of notarization in social credit system and the strong construction of notarization procedure make the supervision of notarization especially necessary.The second part is the comparative investigation of the outside notarization supervision system: Latin notarization supervision mode is mainly judicial administrative supervision and industry self-discipline, more emphasis on the latter, and then supplemented by court supervision or procuratorate supervision;Supervision means include business inspection, complaints, disciplinary, notarized civil compensation system and so on.Although the notarization supervision in Anglo-American countries is not as strict and important as Latin notarization, it still has complete supervision rules.The third part reflects on the predicament of our country's notarization supervision mechanism: the lack of the notarization party's examination, the ambiguity of the notary's legal responsibility localization, the vicious circle of the notarization unfair competition constitute the three big supervision loopholes in the notarization procedure operation.The "silent" notaries and the mere notarization examination and approval system lead to the alienation of the internal supervision of notarization, while the supervision function of the judicial administrative organs is weak, and the mechanism of self-discipline of the industry is not smooth, which forms the obstacle of the external supervision of notarization.The fourth part puts forward some thoughts on how to perfect the supervision system of notarization in our country: the perfection of internal supervision mechanism of notarization is inseparable from the standardized construction of notarization industry, and the obligation to examine the notarization parties should be carried out.Carry out the notarization examination and approval system under the system of notary examination and approval by notary committee; define the legal responsibility of notaries based on "people-oriented", realize the unification of notaries' rights and responsibilities, strengthen the inspection of notarization fee system and curb unfair competition;To change the strong supervision of traditional judicial administration and give full play to the self-discipline and self-governing function of the industry.And the reasonable connection between notarization and civil action will be the strong support of the external check and balance mechanism of notarization: the court, as an independent supervision institution of third party, will intervene in the notarization supervision and form the docking with the judicial administrative supervision and the self-discipline of the industry;Perfecting the rules of notarization evidence and stripping the rules of acceptance of notarized evidence from civil proceedings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D926.6

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