本文選題：公益訴訟　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境公益訴訟　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：環(huán)境問題是人類社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展中的必然產(chǎn)物，我國自改革開放以來逐步意識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要作用和戰(zhàn)略意義，反映到法律領(lǐng)域，即不斷重視對(duì)環(huán)境公益的保護(hù)，，將環(huán)保納入法治化、系統(tǒng)化軌道。然而公益訴訟本身并非法律上概念，為替公益訴訟需求法律上的依據(jù)，理論家和實(shí)務(wù)工作者從各自的領(lǐng)域出發(fā)，進(jìn)行理論創(chuàng)新，嘗試實(shí)踐操作，逐漸形成了公益訴訟的一些基本理論，但是其中權(quán)威性論述仍顯不足。當(dāng)前正值雙訴訟法修改之際，刑事訴訟法修改已然完成，而民事訴訟法草案仍然處于討論中，目前都未能夠給公益訴訟帶來法律上依據(jù)。本文即在這一背景下結(jié)合國內(nèi)外環(huán)境公益訴訟立法及理論研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行綜合分析： 第一部分，解析環(huán)境公益訴訟相關(guān)概念和特征，引進(jìn)西方國家公益訴訟的立法與實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，通過比較法研究的方法了解域外環(huán)境公益訴訟的運(yùn)行模式和國際立法趨勢(shì)，為從中借鑒有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，使我國環(huán)境公益立法能夠接軌國際做準(zhǔn)備。 第二部分，通過介紹我國檢察機(jī)關(guān)及相關(guān)部門在實(shí)踐中的探索及經(jīng)驗(yàn)點(diǎn)明了我國在當(dāng)前環(huán)境下進(jìn)行了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的針對(duì)環(huán)境公益訴訟的努力，但是仍然為制度缺失所桎梏。在實(shí)踐中我國環(huán)境公益訴訟呈現(xiàn)出地區(qū)發(fā)展不平衡的狀態(tài)，最高檢指導(dǎo)下的地區(qū)試點(diǎn)工作正在開展中并取得了一定成果，但是在成績下我們不得忽視試點(diǎn)工作在橫向貫深及縱向延展上的缺失，這一局限是為筆者試圖進(jìn)行下文理論建構(gòu)的意旨所在。 第三部分，從歷史淵源及現(xiàn)實(shí)需要等多角度證明檢察機(jī)關(guān)作為公權(quán)力部門一員介入公益訴訟尤其是環(huán)境公益訴訟的可行性與必要性。通過分析可證明檢察機(jī)關(guān)介入公益訴訟的舉措在我國檢察史上并非首創(chuàng)，傳統(tǒng)檢察制度已有先例；而實(shí)踐中立法、行政、司法各部門總體上亦持支持態(tài)度。因而為建立檢察機(jī)關(guān)環(huán)境公益訴訟主體地位提供了一定的基礎(chǔ)。 第四部分，在相關(guān)理論研究及實(shí)踐探索經(jīng)驗(yàn)的支持下，筆者意圖從主體資格、起訴順位、處分權(quán)能等多方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，建構(gòu)出檢察機(jī)關(guān)在環(huán)境公益訴訟中的定位。筆者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代公益訴訟應(yīng)當(dāng)為一定限制下的開放性訴訟，起訴主體理應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)出多元化特點(diǎn)，檢察機(jī)關(guān)在其中應(yīng)當(dāng)居于最后保障地位，同時(shí)處分權(quán)能的規(guī)定需要吸收其定位特點(diǎn)做特殊的規(guī)定。 整篇布文依照自域外及國內(nèi)，從實(shí)踐到理論的順序依次遞進(jìn)，挖掘問題并解決問題，試圖達(dá)到邏輯上的連貫性。
[Abstract]:The environmental problem is the inevitable outcome of the historical development of human society. Since the reform and opening up, our country has gradually realized the important role and strategic significance of environmental protection, which is reflected in the legal field, that is, paying more attention to the protection of environmental public welfare. However, public interest litigation itself is not a legal concept. In order to replace the legal basis of public interest litigation needs, theorists and practitioners from their respective fields to carry out theoretical innovation, Trying to practice has gradually formed some basic theories of public interest litigation, but the authoritative exposition is still insufficient. At present, when the double procedural law is being amended, the revision of the criminal procedure law has already been completed. However, the draft civil procedure law is still under discussion and has not been able to bring legal basis to public interest litigation at present. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the basis of combining the legislation and theoretical research results of environmental public interest litigation at home and abroad under this background. The first part, analyzes the related concepts and characteristics of environmental public interest litigation, introduces the legislation and practice activities of public interest litigation in western countries, and through the method of comparative law to understand the operating mode and the international legislative trend of foreign environmental public interest litigation. In order to draw lessons from the beneficial experience, so that our environmental public welfare legislation can be in line with international preparations. The second part, through the introduction of our procuratorial organs and related departments in practice and experience points out that our country has carried out a considerable number of environmental public interest litigation efforts under the current environment. However, it is still shackled by the lack of system. In practice, environmental public interest litigation in China presents an unbalanced state of regional development. The pilot work under the guidance of the Supreme Procuratorate is being carried out and certain achievements have been made. However, we should not ignore the lack of horizontal penetration and vertical extension in the pilot work under the achievement, which is the intention of the author trying to construct the following theory. Part three, This paper proves the feasibility and necessity of the procuratorial organ, as a member of the public power department, to intervene in the public interest litigation, especially the environmental public welfare litigation, from the angle of historical origin and realistic need. Through the analysis, it can be proved that the procuratorial organ is involved in the public interest litigation. Was not the first in the history of our country's procuratorial work. There are precedents in the traditional procuratorial system, and in practice, the legislative, administrative and judicial departments also hold a supportive attitude, which provides a certain basis for the establishment of the principal position of the procuratorial organs in environmental public interest litigation. Part 4th, with the support of relevant theoretical research and practical exploration experience, the author intends to design from many aspects, such as subject qualification, prosecution rank, disposition power, etc. The author thinks that the modern public interest litigation should be an open lawsuit under certain restrictions, the main body of prosecution should be pluralistic, and the procuratorial organ should be the last safeguard. At the same time, the regulation of disposition power needs to absorb its positioning characteristics to make special provisions. According to the sequence from practice to theory, the whole article is progressive, mining problems and solving problems, trying to achieve logical coherence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D926.3;D925.1

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