本文選題：逮捕決定權　切入點：上提一級　出處：《浙江工商大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：逮捕是刑事訴訟程序中最為嚴厲的一項強制措施。強制措施的意義在于保證刑事訴訟程序的順利進行,而在司法實踐中,往往將其作為一種限制人身的懲罰措施,甚至于出現(xiàn)“以捕代偵”的現(xiàn)象。 我國刑事訴訟法任務是打擊犯罪和保障人權,但是刑事訴訟法在適用過程中,卻出現(xiàn)了理論和實踐的脫節(jié)，在逮捕權行使的價值取向上出現(xiàn)了不平衡,甚至于逮捕權的行使對人權造成了侵犯,所以我國對于逮捕這一強制措施應當進行限制,本文研究檢察機關在自偵案件進行偵查過程中,對自偵案件逮捕決定權的制約機制,并在研究的基礎上提出優(yōu)化設想。 對于一項機制的研究,應當包括理論研究和實證研究。本文的理論研究是指通過調查文獻來獲得資料,在對資料進行分析研究之后,提出檢察機關逮捕決定權制約機制的概念。在這一基礎上進行不斷加工、完善,最終形成對逮捕決定權制約機制的完整的概述。實證研究是通過對實踐數(shù)據(jù)的實證研究,對作為制約機制核心程序的逮捕決定權上提一級的各種數(shù)據(jù)進行比較,獲得逮捕決定權上提一級的實踐績效。但是上提一級不同于制約機制,上提一級后的程序只是制約機制的審查程序,并不構成完整的制約機制,還應當在審查程序的基礎上,加入監(jiān)督程序和救濟程序。這些完整的程序構成自適應的制約機制,通過一系列的程序,對逮捕決定權行使過程中的問題自動作出反應。在進行上述理論研究和實證研究的基礎上,全面地了解掌握逮捕決定權的權力配置、逮捕決定權的制約機制以及制約機制存在的問題。 本文從逮捕決定權的概念和權力配置、制約機制的釋義以及各類傳統(tǒng)制約機制的介紹、自偵案件逮捕決定權制約機制的構建、制約機制的配套制度——救濟機制以及保障制約機制運作的完善五個部分對檢察機關逮捕決定權制約機制的研究。 一、逮捕決定權的概念和權力配置 逮捕決定權的概念根據(jù)我國《刑事訴訟法》第132條的規(guī)定,指的足“人民檢察院直接接受理的案件中符合本法第六十條、第六十一條第四項、第五項規(guī)定情形,需要逮捕、拘留犯罪嫌疑人的,由人民檢察院作出決定,由公安機關執(zhí)行。”這一法律規(guī)定是對逮捕決定權的完整釋義。而我國與多數(shù)西方國家不同,將逮捕決定權的權力配置于人民檢察院。 二、制約機制的釋義以及各類傳統(tǒng)制約機制的介紹 逮捕決定權制約機制就是逮捕權系統(tǒng)中,自偵案件逮捕權的一個基礎機制。它是通過時序組合在一起的,逮捕決定權行使和制約的過程,即通過逮捕決定權的行使主體對逮捕的對象進行合法性的審查,并且在這一過程中對逮捕決定權行使主體的行為以及權力行使產(chǎn)生的結果進行制約,將這些行為通過自適應的法律程序組合在一起所形成的機制,就是逮捕決定權的制約機制。 三、自偵案件逮捕決定權制約機制的構建 制約機制稱為一個完整的機制,應當有主體、對象、制約程序機制、監(jiān)督機制。自偵案件逮捕決定權上提一級是一個契機,雖然其本身并不完善,但是卻為構成逮捕決定權制約機制的核心程序。通過機制本身的一系列程序,對逮捕決定權進行制約,并且如果在制約過程中出現(xiàn)了違法行為,制約機制本身便會通過程序自主進行修復和調節(jié)。 四、制約機制的配套制度——救濟機制 救濟機制平行于制約機制,應當是制約機制的有力保障。救濟機制是制約機制的配套制度,其存在的意義在于,救濟機制不僅為人民檢察院提供了逮捕決定權錯誤行使,自我修正的機會,也為犯罪嫌疑人提供了行使自己在偵查活動中所一直被忽視的訴訟權利的機會。 五、保障制約機制運作的完善 為了保障制約機制運作的順暢,需要進行審查程序的完善,提高效率,達到制約的效果；還需要對制約機制的救濟機制進行優(yōu)化,完善人民監(jiān)督員的制度,在不改變現(xiàn)有的訴訟體系的前提下,最大程度實現(xiàn)保障人權。
[Abstract]:Arrest is the most severe coercive measure in criminal proceedings. The significance of coercive measures is to ensure the smooth progress of criminal proceedings. In judicial practice, it often regards it as a punishment measure to restrict human beings, or even a phenomenon of "catching up for investigation".
The task of China's criminal procedure law is to combat crime and protect human rights, but the criminal procedure law in the application process, but between theory and practice, there is an imbalance in the value orientation of the exercise of the right of arrest, arrest or even in the exercise of the right of human rights violations, which in our country for the compulsory measure of arrest should be restricted, the procuratorial organs in the investigation process, the self investigation case arrested the power restriction mechanism, and the study on the basis of the idea of optimization.
For a mechanism research, should include theoretical research and empirical research. The theoretical research is to through the investigation documents to obtain information, after analysing the data, put forward the concept of the procuratorial organs to arrest the decision restriction mechanism is not perfect. Fault processing, on this basis, eventually forming a complete overview the restriction mechanism to arrest. The empirical study is based on practical data of empirical studies, comparison of various data provided a restriction mechanism as the core program of arrest decision, obtain the arrest decision to put one on the practice of performance. But put on a level different from the restriction mechanism, put on a after the program is just the restriction mechanism of the review process, does not constitute a complete restriction mechanism, should also be in on the basis of review procedures, to monitor and relief procedures. These procedures constitute a complete Adaptive restriction mechanism, through a series of procedures, automatic response to exercise problems during the arrest decision. Based on the above theoretical research and empirical research, comprehensively understand the arrest of the power configuration, existence of arrest decision restricting mechanism and restriction mechanism.
This article from the arrest decision concept and power allocation, restriction mechanism and all kinds of definitions of traditional restriction mechanism, construction of Zizhen case arrest decision restriction mechanism, the five part of the procuratorial organs to arrest the decision restriction mechanism perfect restriction mechanism supporting system, operation mechanism and security control mechanism of the relief.
First, the concept of the right to arrest and the allocation of power
The concept of the right of arrest decision according to the provisions of the criminal procedure law of our country < > 132nd, refers to the "people's Procuratorate case directly accepted in accordance with the law sixtieth, sixty-first fourth, fifth provisions, to arrest, detention of criminal suspects, decided by the people's Procuratorate made, executed by the public security organ. This law is a complete explanation of the arrest decision. But our country and most western countries are different, the arrest of the power configuration in the people's Procuratorate.
Two, the interpretation of the restrictive mechanism and the introduction of various traditional restrictive mechanisms
The arrest restriction mechanism is arrested right system, a basic mechanism of self investigation cases of the right of arrest. It is through the timing together, to arrest the exercise of the right to decide and control, through the subject of arrest decision of the legality of the review of arrest of the object, and the main exercise in this in the process of arrest decision behavior and the result of the exercise of power restriction, the adaptive behavior through legal procedures together by the formation of the mechanism, restriction mechanism is the arrest decision.
Three, the construction of the restriction mechanism of the decision to arrest the case of self detection
Restrict a mechanism called a complete mechanism, there should be a subject, object, procedure control mechanism, supervision mechanism. Zizhen case arrest decision put on a level is an opportunity, although its itself is not perfect, but to constitute the core procedure of arrest decision restriction mechanism. Through a series of procedural mechanism itself the arrest of the decision to restrict, and if the restriction appeared in the process of the illegal behavior, restriction mechanism itself will be through the program independent repair and adjustment.
Four, the supporting system of the restrictive mechanism -- relief mechanism
Parallel to the relief mechanism and restriction mechanism, should be a guarantee of restriction mechanism. The relief mechanism is the restriction mechanism supporting system, the existing significance lies in the relief mechanism not only provides the arrest decision error exercise for the people's Procuratorate, self correction opportunities, but also provides exercise yourself in investigation activities have been neglected litigation the right opportunity for criminal suspects.
Five, to guarantee the perfection of the operation of the restrictive mechanism
In order to ensure the smooth operation of the restriction mechanism, perfect, the need for the review process to improve efficiency, achieve the effect of restricted; also need relief mechanism to optimize the control mechanism, improve the people's supervisor system, in the premise of not changing the existing litigation system, the degree of realization of the protection of human rights.

【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D925.2;D926.3

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