本文關鍵詞： 社會輿論 司法審判 沖突 平衡 良性互動　出處：《廣西師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：社會輿論對司法審判的影響可以分為兩方面：一方面是對司法審判的積極影響,即促進司法獨立與司法公正；另一方面是給司法審判帶來的消極因素,即過度的輿論監(jiān)督會干擾司法獨立。 對司法審判的積極影響又有兩種因素：一是平民與權力階層的沖突能夠促進司法獨立,二是社會輿論的監(jiān)督對司法公正起促進作用。它們是如何對司法審判起到積極促進作用的?在第一種情況下,司法需要獨立,然而在我國的社會環(huán)境中,往往存在權力干預司法的現(xiàn)象,平民與權力階層所存在的沖突能夠在一定程度上對權力的形使起到監(jiān)督和抑制作用,使濫用權力者從心理上感受到輿論的壓力,感受到濫用權力干涉司法的后果所帶來的恐懼感和將遭受到的譴責,從而起到一種平衡的作用。第二種情況下,社會輿論對司法審判的適當監(jiān)督使司法在公眾的監(jiān)督下進行,公眾痛恨司法腐敗,一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)司法腐敗現(xiàn)象,必然會強烈批判,司法機關以及司法工作人員在輿論的影響下會產生一種心理壓力,會在腐敗的利益與公正以及自身名譽之間作權衡,從而對司法腐敗能夠起到一定的抑制作用。 社會輿論對司法審判的消極影響有三種因素：一是道德與法律的沖突,二是公眾的樸素正義感與法律的沖突,三是公眾法律意識水平的提高與法律知識的不足之間的沖突,這三方面又如何對司法獨立產生消極影響?第一,法律與道德雖然存在共性,但法律規(guī)則的要求卻比道德要求更具體,法官本身內心存在著符合社會價值觀的道德標準,而正是由于兩者之間的沖突,使得法官判案時會受到外界輿論所傾向的道德觀念的影響,要么與法官內心的道德相符,要么與法官的職業(yè)道德不符,法官獨立審判的效果受到了干擾。第二公眾的樸素正義感與法律所維護的程序正義存在沖突時,法律首先要維護程序正義,此時法官所受到的內心影響如同上述道德觀念的影響一樣。第三,改革開放以來,公眾的法律意識水平越來越高,然而對許多法律條文本身并不理解甚至完全不了解,當人們關注典型案件時就可能會因為對法律本身的不了解而引發(fā)對司法的言論攻擊,如此便會干擾司法的正常進行。 既然輿論對司法既有積極影響又有消極影響,那么兩者之間必然存在平衡點,找到兩者的平衡點便能使兩者達到良性互動。兩者之間其實是存在交互作用的,司法可以引導輿論良性發(fā)展,輿論又能影響司法。司法既要傾聽又要回應輿論,輿論自身在監(jiān)督司法時其內部的各個部分也應提高自身素質并做到適度,建立健康的監(jiān)督體制。
[Abstract]:The influence of public opinion on judicial trial can be divided into two aspects: one is the positive influence on judicial trial, that is, promoting judicial independence and judicial justice; on the other hand, it is a negative factor brought to judicial trial, that is, excessive supervision by public opinion can interfere with judicial independence.
There are two kinds of factors on the positive impact of Justice: one is the conflict between civilians and the power elite to promote judicial independence, the two is the supervision of the public opinion to promote judicial justice. They are how to play a positive role in promoting justice? In the first case, the judicial independence, but in my in the social environment, there is interference with the judicial power, conflict of civilian and power elite to a certain extent, the power of the supervision and restrain the abuse of power from the psychological feeling of public opinion pressure, feel the abuse of power caused by the consequences of judicial interference a sense of fear and will be subjected to condemnation, and thus play a balancing role. Second kinds of circumstances, the public opinion supervision of the appropriate judicial make justice under public supervision, public hate judicial corruption Once lost, the phenomenon of judicial corruption, must be strongly criticized, the judiciary and judicial staff will have a psychological pressure under the influence of public opinion will make trade-offs between the interests of the corruption and justice and their reputation, and thus the judicial corruption can play a certain inhibition.
There are three kinds of factors of the negative impact of public opinion on judicial adjudication: one is the conflict between morality and law, the two is the public sense of justice with the law, three is the conflict between the lack of legal knowledge and improve the level of public awareness of the law, the three aspects are to have a negative impact to judicial independence first? Although the existence of common law and morality, but the rule of law is more specific than the moral requirements, the judge itself exists inside with social values and moral standards, it is because of the conflict between the two. The influence that the judge will be public opinion tendency of moral values, either with the judge's moral. Either, and the judge's occupation moral discrepancies, judge the effect of interference. Second public sense of justice and the law of maintenance of procedural justice when there is a conflict, the first law First, to maintain procedural justice, the impact of judges as the moral concept. Third, since the reform and opening up, the level of public awareness of the law is more and more high, but to many legal provisions do not understand or do not know, when people focus on typical cases, may lead to judicial remarks attacks because of the lack of understanding of the law itself, so it can interfere with the normal administration of justice.
Since the public opinion on judicial has both positive and negative effects, so there must be a balance between the two, to find the balance between the two can make both to positive interaction between the two. In fact there was an interaction, the benign development of the judiciary can guide public opinion, public opinion can affect judicial justice. We must listen to and respond to public opinion. Public opinion itself in various parts of the internal judicial supervision should also improve their own quality and make appropriate, establish the health supervision system.

【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D926;G206

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