論民間法的法源地位及司法適用
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-17 16:14
【摘要】：我國地域?qū)拸V而且民族眾多,具有多元文化背景。在漫長的歷史衍變過程中,各地區(qū)各民族形成了各具特色的地域文化和民族文化,尤其是多種多樣的地區(qū)民族法律文化和與之相適應(yīng)的社會調(diào)控規(guī)范及秩序。民間法主要包含這些社會調(diào)控規(guī)范和秩序，這些規(guī)范、秩序規(guī)范著不同地區(qū)、不同民族人民的日常生活行為。關(guān)于民間法的研究，從法社會學(xué)家埃利希的“活法”,到我國學(xué)者提出的“知識傳統(tǒng)說”、“本土資源說”以及“行為規(guī)則說”等等，都代表著民間法研究的不斷發(fā)展和進步。但是，民間法的概念界定，其法源地位，其司法適用問題，仍然處于熱議之中，值得我們進一步探討。民間法在人們的現(xiàn)實生活中具有重要意義，它是調(diào)整鄉(xiāng)土社會秩序的行為規(guī)則，是國家法的重要補充規(guī)則，也是溝通外來法律與本土資源的橋梁。然而民間法由于其自身的局限性以及觀念、制度上的限制，其法源地位一直未得到國家制定法的認可，司法適用現(xiàn)狀也不盡如人意。但是，在能動司法、和諧司法的背景下，認可民間法的地位和價值，實現(xiàn)民間法有助于司法實踐勢在必行。民間法與國家法在文化、價值上的同源性以及現(xiàn)行立法均為民間法的司法適用提供了可能。 本文以比較研究的方法為主，兼用歷史研究法和法社會學(xué)研究的方法，對民間法的概念、法源地位以及司法適用等主要問題進行了探討。要建立健全我國的法律體制，民間法在其中起著不容忽視的作用。不管是法律制度還是法律觀念，都是一定民族和國家在不同的社會基礎(chǔ)、社會環(huán)境之下創(chuàng)設(shè)出來的，因而各有其特質(zhì)，在我們引進、嫁接、移植外國法律的時候，如何避免其來到我國后出現(xiàn)“水土不服”，如何使其與我國的本土法律資源相結(jié)合，，這不僅是一個棘手的理論和現(xiàn)實問題，也是我國法治現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的瓶頸之一。無論是大規(guī)模的法律移植，還是傾心于法律的本土資源，必須客觀、公正地審視中國特定的文化背景和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展階段，認真研究法治的根基和社會土壤，簡單地移植、借鑒甚至照搬照抄，不考慮社會和民眾的消化吸收能力，不與民間的非正式制度有機地聯(lián)系和統(tǒng)一，其實施的效果也就可想而知，甚至可能會陷入制度性的困境和怪圈。因此，本文首先在法律多元背景下研究民間法，從民間法的概念界定入手，其次論證民間法的法源地位，認為民間法在我國恰當?shù)牡匚皇浅洚斞a充性的法律淵源。最后在分析民間法司法適用現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，找出導(dǎo)致民間法司法適用困境的主要原因，提出民間法的正式司法適用，并為民間法的司法適用提出了條件要求以及有效的形式。
[Abstract]:China has a wide area and a large number of ethnic groups, with a multicultural background. In the long process of historical evolution, various ethnic groups in various regions have formed their own regional culture and national culture, especially a variety of regional national legal culture and corresponding social regulation and control norms and order. Folk law mainly contains these social regulation norms and order, these norms and order regulate the daily life behavior of people in different regions and different nationalities. The study of folk law, from the "living law" of legal sociologist Erich to the "theory of knowledge tradition", "theory of local resources" and "theory of rules of conduct" put forward by Chinese scholars, all represent the continuous development and progress of the study of folk law. However, the definition of the concept of folk law, the status of its source of law, its judicial application, is still in the process of discussion, which is worthy of our further discussion. Folk law is of great significance in people's real life. It is a rule of conduct to adjust the local social order, an important supplementary rule of national law, and a bridge between foreign law and local resources. However, due to its own limitations, concepts and institutional restrictions, the status of the source of law has not been recognized by the national law, and the current situation of judicial application is not satisfactory. However, under the background of active judicature and harmonious judicature, it is imperative to recognize the status and value of folk law and realize the realization of folk law. The cultural and value homology between folk law and national law, as well as the current legislation, provide the possibility for the judicial application of folk law. Based on the method of comparative study, this paper probes into the concept of folk law, the status of the source of law and the judicial application by using the methods of historical research and sociology of law. In order to establish and perfect the legal system of our country, folk law plays an important role in it. Whether it is the legal system or the legal concept, it is created by a certain nation and country under different social foundation and social environment, so each has its own characteristics. When we introduce, grafting and transplant foreign laws, how to avoid the emergence of "water-soil disobedience" after we come to our country, and how to combine it with the local legal resources of our country, this is not only a thorny theoretical and practical problem. It is also one of the bottlenecks in the modernization of the rule of law in our country. Whether it is a large-scale legal transplantation or a local resource devoted to the law, we must objectively and impartially examine the specific cultural background and economic and social development stage of China, seriously study the foundation and social soil of the rule of law, simply transplant, draw lessons from or even copy, do not take into account the digestion and absorption of the society and the people, and do not organically connect and unify with the informal system of the people, and the effect of its implementation can be imagined. It may even fall into institutional dilemmas and strange circles. Therefore, this paper first studies folk law under the background of legal pluralism, starts with the definition of folk law, then demonstrates the status of folk law as the source of law, and holds that the appropriate position of folk law in our country is to act as a supplementary source of law. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the present situation of judicial application of civil law, this paper finds out the main reasons leading to the dilemma of judicial application of civil law, puts forward the formal judicial application of civil law, and puts forward the conditions and effective forms for the judicial application of folk law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D920.4
本文編號：2501110
[Abstract]:China has a wide area and a large number of ethnic groups, with a multicultural background. In the long process of historical evolution, various ethnic groups in various regions have formed their own regional culture and national culture, especially a variety of regional national legal culture and corresponding social regulation and control norms and order. Folk law mainly contains these social regulation norms and order, these norms and order regulate the daily life behavior of people in different regions and different nationalities. The study of folk law, from the "living law" of legal sociologist Erich to the "theory of knowledge tradition", "theory of local resources" and "theory of rules of conduct" put forward by Chinese scholars, all represent the continuous development and progress of the study of folk law. However, the definition of the concept of folk law, the status of its source of law, its judicial application, is still in the process of discussion, which is worthy of our further discussion. Folk law is of great significance in people's real life. It is a rule of conduct to adjust the local social order, an important supplementary rule of national law, and a bridge between foreign law and local resources. However, due to its own limitations, concepts and institutional restrictions, the status of the source of law has not been recognized by the national law, and the current situation of judicial application is not satisfactory. However, under the background of active judicature and harmonious judicature, it is imperative to recognize the status and value of folk law and realize the realization of folk law. The cultural and value homology between folk law and national law, as well as the current legislation, provide the possibility for the judicial application of folk law. Based on the method of comparative study, this paper probes into the concept of folk law, the status of the source of law and the judicial application by using the methods of historical research and sociology of law. In order to establish and perfect the legal system of our country, folk law plays an important role in it. Whether it is the legal system or the legal concept, it is created by a certain nation and country under different social foundation and social environment, so each has its own characteristics. When we introduce, grafting and transplant foreign laws, how to avoid the emergence of "water-soil disobedience" after we come to our country, and how to combine it with the local legal resources of our country, this is not only a thorny theoretical and practical problem. It is also one of the bottlenecks in the modernization of the rule of law in our country. Whether it is a large-scale legal transplantation or a local resource devoted to the law, we must objectively and impartially examine the specific cultural background and economic and social development stage of China, seriously study the foundation and social soil of the rule of law, simply transplant, draw lessons from or even copy, do not take into account the digestion and absorption of the society and the people, and do not organically connect and unify with the informal system of the people, and the effect of its implementation can be imagined. It may even fall into institutional dilemmas and strange circles. Therefore, this paper first studies folk law under the background of legal pluralism, starts with the definition of folk law, then demonstrates the status of folk law as the source of law, and holds that the appropriate position of folk law in our country is to act as a supplementary source of law. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the present situation of judicial application of civil law, this paper finds out the main reasons leading to the dilemma of judicial application of civil law, puts forward the formal judicial application of civil law, and puts forward the conditions and effective forms for the judicial application of folk law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D920.4
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