歐洲刑罰制度演變的啟示
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 23:50
【摘要】：我們現(xiàn)在正在經(jīng)歷社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型,在社會(huì)矛盾比較突出的今天,如何利用好刑罰,發(fā)揮刑罰的積極效用,盡可能避免其消極影響,就顯得尤為重要。無論在國民政府時(shí)期,還是在新中國,大陸法系刑事法制度對(duì)我國法制近代化的影響都十分深刻。法治發(fā)達(dá)國家,也經(jīng)歷了不同的歷史時(shí)期,也存在類似我們今天的問題。上個(gè)世紀(jì)初的歐洲經(jīng)歷了犯罪高發(fā)的時(shí)期,因而也催生了其各自的刑罰改革和刑事政策的大幅度調(diào)整。對(duì)于今天這樣的一種局面,因時(shí)因勢進(jìn)行刑罰改革,即是對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的一種積極回應(yīng)。 筆者認(rèn)為,在對(duì)我國既有刑罰制度進(jìn)行診脈自療的同時(shí),還要積極吸取法治發(fā)達(dá)國家的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是其刑罰改革的方法論,從而使我們國刑事法律制度得以完善。本文從歐陸國家刑罰制度和改革進(jìn)程出發(fā),尋找典型,挖掘刑罰改革的方法和原因,從而總結(jié)出刑罰改革的普遍特點(diǎn)和做法。在理性分析我國刑罰制度的基礎(chǔ)上,給出筆者的改革建議。 本文主要介紹了歐陸有關(guān)國家的基本刑罰制度和近代刑罰改革。選擇6個(gè)歐陸國家(希臘、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞士、丹麥、瑞典)的刑罰制度來研究,這幾個(gè)國家一定意義上代表歐洲大陸各國(特別是歐盟成員)的刑罰制度的改革發(fā)展軌跡,尤其我國尚無系統(tǒng)闡述這些國家的刑罰改革的著述,而他們的諸多刑罰制度和改革經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得我國借鑒。 引言 闡述研究歐陸刑罰發(fā)展對(duì)我刑罰改革的意義。 第一章：我國刑罰現(xiàn)狀分析從橫向和縱向兩個(gè)角度審視我國現(xiàn)行刑罰制度。從縱向看存在法定刑罰幅度過寬的問題,從橫向看,罪種間法定刑幅度不夠協(xié)調(diào)�？偨Y(jié)出我們國現(xiàn)行刑罰不足之處：整體上重刑結(jié)構(gòu),輕緩化程度過低；刑罰種類較少,條文簡單,可操作性不強(qiáng)；財(cái)產(chǎn)刑和自由刑的配置問題；附加刑弱化；刑罰社會(huì)化程度過低。 第二章：歐陸國家刑罰歷史綜述 對(duì)歐陸國家的刑罰改革歷史進(jìn)行總體概括,整個(gè)20世紀(jì),歐陸國家的刑罰改革緊緊圍繞短期自由刑的興衰而展開,隨著社會(huì)具體情況的變化,短期自由刑發(fā)揮著不同的作用。在過去20多年的時(shí)問中,歐洲國家所采取的減少短期監(jiān)禁刑的措施是成果卓著的,其具體可替代短期監(jiān)禁刑的措就有20多種。其中社會(huì)服務(wù)刑具有普遍的實(shí)際意義。 第三章：歐陸國家刑罰變革及現(xiàn)行刑罰制度介紹 本章中,筆者對(duì)一些典型歐洲大陸國家的刑罰變革及現(xiàn)行刑罰制度介紹。主要有希臘、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞士、丹麥、瑞典。通過各國具體改革過程,總結(jié)出一些當(dāng)今國家刑法改革中的普遍措施,在后文中進(jìn)行分析。 第四章：歐陸國家刑罰改革特點(diǎn)總結(jié),提煉發(fā)展趨勢 當(dāng)代世界各國刑罰的發(fā)展總體上來說向緩和的方向發(fā)展,但具體而言,則向兩極化方向展開,即對(duì)輕罪和中等程度犯罪的處罰越來越輕,甚至予以除罪化、非刑罰化；而對(duì)于重罪,特別是對(duì)侵害公民生命、身體健康、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和對(duì)社會(huì)共同秩序威脅較大的犯罪,則采取加重處罰,繼續(xù)施用重刑的政策。從具體的刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)上看,死刑的廢除是不可阻擋的歷史潮流,自由刑雖然還占據(jù)重要的地位,但自由刑一統(tǒng)天下的局面將復(fù)存在,罰金刑的地位不斷上升,非刑罰化的措施得到了廣泛的重視。 第五章：我國刑罰改革建議 本章中筆者提出一些我國刑罰改革的可行性建議。變重刑結(jié)構(gòu)為輕刑結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)刑罰輕緩化；將罰金刑設(shè)定為主刑；重新配置刑罰體系等。 結(jié)束語
[Abstract]:We are now going through the social transformation, and in the social contradiction, how to use the good penalty, to play the positive effect of the penalty, to avoid the negative influence as much as possible, it is especially important. Whether in the period of the national government or in the new china, the criminal law system of the continental law system has a profound influence on the modernization of the legal system in our country. The rule of law developed countries, also experienced different historical periods, also have problems similar to those of our today. In the beginning of the last century, Europe experienced a period of high crime, and it also gave birth to the great adjustment of their respective penal reform and criminal policy. For a situation such as today, the reform of the penalty due to the potential is a positive response to the social reality. In the author's opinion, in the meantime, we should also actively draw the beneficial experience of the developed countries of the rule of law, especially the methodology of the reform of the penalty, so that the criminal law system of our country can be finished. On the basis of the penalty system and the reform process of the European countries, this paper tries to find out the methods and causes of the typical and mining penalty reform, so as to sum up the general characteristics and the doing of the penalty reform. On the basis of the penalty system in China, the author gives the author's reform and construction In this paper, the basic penalty system and the modern punishment of the countries in Europe and the land are introduced in this paper. Penalty reform. Select the penal system of six European countries (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden) to study the reform of the penal system on behalf of the countries of the European continent, especially the European Union. There is no systematic exposition of the criminal penalty reform in these countries, and many of their penal systems and reform experience are worthy of me. to borrow from one's The introduction set forth the study of the development of the continental penalty to me. The meaning of penalty reform. Chapter one: The analysis of the present situation of the penalty in China from both the horizontal and the vertical. In view of the current penalty system in our country, there are the problems of the width of the legal penalty in the longitudinal direction, from the view of the horizontal, the crime of the crime The legal penalty is not well coordinated. The present penalty deficiency of our country is summarized: the structure of the heavy punishment on the whole is too low, the degree of light is too low, the type of the penalty is small, the provision is simple, the operability is not strong, the disposition of the property and the free punishment is not good, and the additional punishment is weakened; The degree of socialization of the penalty is too low. In the whole of the 20th century, the penalty reform of the European and European countries is closely related to the rise and fall of the short-term free penalty. On the other hand, with the change of the specific situation of the society, The short-term free penalty plays a different role. In the past 20 years, the measures taken by the European countries to reduce short-term imprisonment are well-known and can be replaced in particular There are more than 20 cases of short-term imprisonment, of which It is of general practical significance to serve the penalty. Chapter 3: Europe In this chapter, the author of this chapter introduces the reform of the penalty of the land and the current penal system, and the author is of great importance to some of the typical European countries The reform of the penalty and the introduction of the current penal system in the land of the land. Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden. The general measures in the reform are analysed in the following text. Chapter IV The characteristics of the country's penalty reform in the European and European countries are summarized, and the development trend of the national penalty in the contemporary world is in the general sense to the moderate direction, but in particular, the two polarization directions The development, that is, the punishment of minor and medium-level crimes is more and more light, even the crime of decriminalization and non-punishment; and for serious crimes, especially against the life of the citizen, the health, the property security and the threat to the common order of the society In the specific criminal structure, the abolition of the death penalty is an unstoppable historical tide, and the free punishment is still an important position, but the situation of the free execution of the whole world will be complex and fine. An ever-rising, non-punitive measure. Chapter five: the reform of the penalty in China It is suggested that the author put forward some feasible suggestions for the reform of penalty in our country. light of punishment
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D95;DD914
本文編號(hào)：2492317
[Abstract]:We are now going through the social transformation, and in the social contradiction, how to use the good penalty, to play the positive effect of the penalty, to avoid the negative influence as much as possible, it is especially important. Whether in the period of the national government or in the new china, the criminal law system of the continental law system has a profound influence on the modernization of the legal system in our country. The rule of law developed countries, also experienced different historical periods, also have problems similar to those of our today. In the beginning of the last century, Europe experienced a period of high crime, and it also gave birth to the great adjustment of their respective penal reform and criminal policy. For a situation such as today, the reform of the penalty due to the potential is a positive response to the social reality. In the author's opinion, in the meantime, we should also actively draw the beneficial experience of the developed countries of the rule of law, especially the methodology of the reform of the penalty, so that the criminal law system of our country can be finished. On the basis of the penalty system and the reform process of the European countries, this paper tries to find out the methods and causes of the typical and mining penalty reform, so as to sum up the general characteristics and the doing of the penalty reform. On the basis of the penalty system in China, the author gives the author's reform and construction In this paper, the basic penalty system and the modern punishment of the countries in Europe and the land are introduced in this paper. Penalty reform. Select the penal system of six European countries (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden) to study the reform of the penal system on behalf of the countries of the European continent, especially the European Union. There is no systematic exposition of the criminal penalty reform in these countries, and many of their penal systems and reform experience are worthy of me. to borrow from one's The introduction set forth the study of the development of the continental penalty to me. The meaning of penalty reform. Chapter one: The analysis of the present situation of the penalty in China from both the horizontal and the vertical. In view of the current penalty system in our country, there are the problems of the width of the legal penalty in the longitudinal direction, from the view of the horizontal, the crime of the crime The legal penalty is not well coordinated. The present penalty deficiency of our country is summarized: the structure of the heavy punishment on the whole is too low, the degree of light is too low, the type of the penalty is small, the provision is simple, the operability is not strong, the disposition of the property and the free punishment is not good, and the additional punishment is weakened; The degree of socialization of the penalty is too low. In the whole of the 20th century, the penalty reform of the European and European countries is closely related to the rise and fall of the short-term free penalty. On the other hand, with the change of the specific situation of the society, The short-term free penalty plays a different role. In the past 20 years, the measures taken by the European countries to reduce short-term imprisonment are well-known and can be replaced in particular There are more than 20 cases of short-term imprisonment, of which It is of general practical significance to serve the penalty. Chapter 3: Europe In this chapter, the author of this chapter introduces the reform of the penalty of the land and the current penal system, and the author is of great importance to some of the typical European countries The reform of the penalty and the introduction of the current penal system in the land of the land. Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden. The general measures in the reform are analysed in the following text. Chapter IV The characteristics of the country's penalty reform in the European and European countries are summarized, and the development trend of the national penalty in the contemporary world is in the general sense to the moderate direction, but in particular, the two polarization directions The development, that is, the punishment of minor and medium-level crimes is more and more light, even the crime of decriminalization and non-punishment; and for serious crimes, especially against the life of the citizen, the health, the property security and the threat to the common order of the society In the specific criminal structure, the abolition of the death penalty is an unstoppable historical tide, and the free punishment is still an important position, but the situation of the free execution of the whole world will be complex and fine. An ever-rising, non-punitive measure. Chapter five: the reform of the penalty in China It is suggested that the author put forward some feasible suggestions for the reform of penalty in our country. light of punishment
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D95;DD914
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