發(fā)布時間：2019-06-03 19:04

【摘要】： 直訴是中國古代法律規(guī)定的特別的申訴制度,即某些案情重大和冤抑莫伸者,可超出一般訴訟程序和訴訟管轄的限制,直接向最高統(tǒng)治者申訴。直訴作為我國古代發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正冤假錯案的一項重要制度,其歷史可以溯源至西周。清代在承襲前代的基礎(chǔ)上,形成了更為詳細和完備的直訴制度。 作為一種非常申訴程序,清代對直訴案件提起的前提、方式、主體、受理等規(guī)定地十分嚴格�，F(xiàn)實眾多的案例向我們揭示的直訴運作實際,遠比規(guī)定的更加復(fù)雜,也提供了大量的信息,使我們更加深入地了解清代直訴的司法運行的實效。中國的直訴制度帶有強烈的人治色彩,老百姓往往把司法案件的公正審理寄托于清正廉明的官吏或圣德賢明的君主身上。我國古代社會深受儒家思想的影響,“無訟”一直是統(tǒng)治階級所追求的理想境界。直訴通常被一般人視為畏途,視為萬不得已才鋌而走險之舉。然而在清代中期之后,厭訟與健訟并存于民間,形成了奇特的法文化悖論。 直訴制度彰顯了中國傳統(tǒng)法律文化對真實的倚重,對實體正義的追求,糾正錯誤判決、平反冤情無疑是直訴制度的最大功能。直訴同時也是下情上達、監(jiān)督司法官吏執(zhí)法情況的一項重要制度。在當時的社會體制下,直訴也必然有其歷史局限性。古代直訴制度已經(jīng)成為歷史,但不可否認的是,它對我國當代社會仍然有其影響力,我們不妨從中汲取歷史的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。
[Abstract]:Direct litigation is a special complaint system stipulated by ancient Chinese law, that is, those who have serious cases and do not extend their grievances can appeal directly to the supreme ruler beyond the limits of the general procedure and jurisdiction. As an important system to discover and correct wrongs and wrongs in ancient China, the history of direct litigation can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. On the basis of inheriting the previous generation, the Qing Dynasty formed a more detailed and complete direct prosecution system. As a kind of extraordinary complaint procedure, the premise, mode, subject and acceptance of direct prosecution cases in Qing Dynasty are very strict. The reality of direct prosecution operation, which many cases reveal to us, is far more complex than the stipulation, and also provides a lot of information, which makes us more deeply understand the actual effect of the judicial operation of direct prosecution in Qing Dynasty. China's direct prosecution system has a strong color of rule by man, and ordinary people often place the fair trial of judicial cases on clean and honest officials or saintly and wise monarchs. The ancient society of our country was deeply influenced by Confucianism, and "no litigation" has always been the ideal realm pursued by the ruling class. Direct prosecution is usually regarded by the general public as timid, as a last resort to take a dangerous move. However, after the middle of Qing Dynasty, the coexistence of litigation and health litigation in the folk formed a strange paradox of legal culture. The system of direct prosecution shows the dependence of Chinese traditional legal culture on reality, the pursuit of substantive justice, the correction of wrong judgment, and the rehabilitation of grievances is undoubtedly the greatest function of the system of direct prosecution. At the same time, direct prosecution is also an important system to supervise the law enforcement of judicial officials. In the social system at that time, direct prosecution must also have its historical limitations. The ancient direct prosecution system has become a history, but it is undeniable that it still has its influence on the contemporary society of our country, from which we might as well draw the experience and lessons of history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D929;D925

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