《天壇憲法草案》研究
[Abstract]:The upsurge of constitution-making after the founding of the Republic of China began with the drafting of the draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven. Since 1913, political forces of all parties have carried out constitution-making activities for more than 10 years under the background of parliamentary politics for various purposes. However, the cruel and strangling fact is that the draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven has not only failed to lay a solid foundation for parliamentary democracy after the establishment of the Republic of China. However, it also forced the hard-won Congress to be strongly disbanded by Yuan Shikai, who has been infected by autocratic dictatorship. When later scholars reflected on the drafting process and the final outcome of this draft constitution, they agreed that Yuan Shikai's autocratic political thought destroyed the germination of the constitutional system in the early years of the Republic of China. It was the culprit of the failure of democratic political transformation in the early years of the Republic of China. In the early years of the Republic of China, the victory of the Revolution of 1911 made it impossible for the general public to accept the imperial system any more. Whether to comply with the historical trend to carry out democratic parliamentary politics, or to adhere to feudal rule against the will of the people, Yuan Shikai wavered in the process of choosing these two roads. Although Yuan Shikai is very inconvenient with the shackles of the interim Law, he hopes to write about the constitution and fantasize about using the legal coat of the constitution to cover up his imperial dream. Therefore, in the process of formulating the draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven, Yuan Shikai tried his best to interfere in the formulation of the Constitution in various ways and means in order to maximize his political power. The purpose and direction of constitution formulation is generally determined by the political faction that occupies absolute power in a country's political environment. The effect of constitution formulation usually depends on whether each political group can reach the compromise of its own political interests. As far as political strength is concerned, the Northern warlords headed by Yuan Shikai are the most powerful. For Yuan Shikai, who thinks he has contributed to the victory of the 1911 Revolution, whether his political demands can be realized in the political system in the early years of the Republic of China. It is crucial to the final fate of the draft Constitution of the Temple of Heaven. Reflecting on the failure and bankruptcy of the Temple of Heaven draft Constitution, one of the reasons that can not be ignored is that the content of the draft Constitution does not meet the demands of Yuan Shikai's political interests, thus arousing the strong rebound of the Beiyang faction. The draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven is the first draft constitution drawn up by a national elected representative in Chinese history. Because of the complex historical environment at that time, the draft constitution finally went bankrupt, making the draft constitution unknown in history. Many criticisms have been received, so it is of great significance to study the constitutional movement in the Republic of China by investigating its true face, analyzing its progress and reflecting on its gains and losses. The content of this paper consists of four parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of drafting the draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven. The second part expounds the drafting process of the draft Constitution of the Temple of Heaven, the debate on the drafting content, the final drafting content, the characteristics of the drafting content and the comparison with some other constitutions. The third part focuses on the analysis of the political system involved in the draft Constitution of Heaven, and the fourth part is the evaluation of the draft Constitution of Temple of Heaven.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:D929
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