被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)聯(lián)邦憲法（1787）中的語(yǔ)篇功能探析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-20 00:43
【摘要】： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)言中的重要地位不言而喻。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家都從形式的角度研究被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。近幾十年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了一種研究被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的新方法,這種方法更重視研究被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的功能。從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō),這兩種研究方法是相輔相成的,為全面系統(tǒng)地研究被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)提供了重要理論依據(jù)。 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦憲法(1787),(下文簡(jiǎn)稱“美國(guó)憲法”)是當(dāng)今世界第一部成文憲法,同時(shí)也是當(dāng)今世界最穩(wěn)定的憲法。自一七八七年制定以來(lái),至今已逾兩百年。這兩百多年以來(lái),整個(gè)世界,包括美國(guó),不管在政治上還是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上都經(jīng)歷了翻天覆地的變化。然而,美國(guó)憲法除新增了二十七條修正案以外,保存完好。于是許多學(xué)者都試圖從法學(xué)的角度找出美國(guó)憲法之所以穩(wěn)定的原因。其實(shí)美國(guó)憲法語(yǔ)言本身的精妙也是其擁有頑強(qiáng)生命力的原因之一,而這一點(diǎn)往往被忽略了。 據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,美國(guó)憲法中使用了大量的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這一現(xiàn)象是值得研究的。從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)憲法中的頻繁出現(xiàn)與美國(guó)憲法的文體特征密切相關(guān)。與此同時(shí),美國(guó)憲法中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所呈現(xiàn)出的獨(dú)特形式特征也同樣值得關(guān)注。本文的重心擺放在對(duì)美國(guó)憲法中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的語(yǔ)篇功能的探析上。而這種探析是建立在韓禮德系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法中三大元功能理論之一的語(yǔ)篇功能理論之上的。劉超(2004)提出,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)新聞文體中具備六種語(yǔ)篇功能,即突出主題功能、引入主題功能、轉(zhuǎn)換主題功能、凸顯焦點(diǎn)功能、對(duì)比焦點(diǎn)功能以及語(yǔ)篇銜接與連貫功能。通過(guò)分析大量從美國(guó)憲法中摘錄的范例,發(fā)現(xiàn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)憲法中也具備這六種語(yǔ)篇功能。正是這些語(yǔ)篇功能,使得美國(guó)憲法在結(jié)構(gòu)上銜接,語(yǔ)義上連貫。而且,盡管這六種語(yǔ)篇功能在文中是逐一闡述的,而事實(shí)上這些功能往往能同時(shí)作用于語(yǔ)篇的重組。 本文共由六章構(gòu)成:第一章介紹本文的選題意義,寫(xiě)作目的,研究方法以及整體框架;第二章文獻(xiàn)綜述部分既回顧了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的研究情況又回顧了美國(guó)憲法的研究情況;第三章構(gòu)建了全文的理論框架,主要著眼于韓禮德系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法中三大元功能理論之一的語(yǔ)篇功能理論;第四章試圖從美國(guó)憲法的文體特征與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)憲法中的形式特征兩方面闡釋被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與美國(guó)憲法之間的密切關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步為分析美國(guó)憲法中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)做好鋪墊;第五章是文章的核心部分,嘗試分析了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)憲法中的語(yǔ)篇功能;第六章總結(jié)全文,并且為后來(lái)研究提出建議。 本文對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在美國(guó)憲法中語(yǔ)篇功能的探析旨在凸顯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在構(gòu)建法律文本中的重要地位。充分挖掘被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意義,可以提高讀者對(duì)法律文本的理解程度;而妥善使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也可以提高法律制定者、法律翻譯者等的寫(xiě)作水平。此外,本文對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的教學(xué)也具有一定啟發(fā)作用。
[Abstract]:The important position of passive voice in language is self-evident. For a long time, many linguists have studied passive voice from the perspective of form. In recent decades, a new method has emerged to study passive voice, which pays more attention to the function of passive voice. In a sense, these two research methods complement each other and provide an important theoretical basis for the comprehensive and systematic study of passive voice. The Federal Constitution of the United States (1787), (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution of the United States) is the first written constitution in the world, and it is also the most stable constitution in the world. It has been more than 200 years since it was formulated in 1787. Over the past 200 years, the whole world, including the United States, has undergone earth-shaking changes, both politically and economically. However, the Constitution of the United States, in addition to the addition of 27 amendments, is well preserved. As a result, many scholars try to find out the reasons for the stability of the American Constitution from the perspective of law. In fact, the subtlety of the American constitutional language itself is one of the reasons for its tenacious vitality, which is often ignored. According to incomplete statistics, a large number of passive voice is used in the Constitution of the United States, which is worth studying. To some extent, the frequent appearance of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States is closely related to the stylistic features of the Constitution of the United States. At the same time, the unique formal characteristics of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States are also worthy of attention. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States. This analysis is based on the discourse function theory, which is one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Liu Chao (2004) proposed that passive voice has six textual functions in English news style, namely, highlighting thematic functions, introducing thematic functions, transforming thematic functions, highlighting focus functions, contrastive focus functions and textual cohesion and coherence functions. By analyzing a large number of excerpts from the Constitution of the United States, it is found that the passive voice also has these six textual functions in the Constitution of the United States. It is these textual functions that make the American Constitution structurally coherent and semantic coherent. Moreover, although these six textual functions are elaborated one by one in this paper, in fact, these functions can often act on the reorganization of the text at the same time. This paper consists of six chapters: the first chapter introduces the significance of this topic, the purpose of writing, the research methods and the overall framework, the second chapter reviews the passive voice of the study and the study of the Constitution of the United States, the second chapter of the literature review part reviews the passive voice of the research situation, and reviews the research situation of the Constitution of the United States. The third chapter constructs the theoretical framework of the full text, mainly focusing on the discourse function theory, one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. The fourth chapter attempts to explain the close relationship between the passive voice and the American Constitution from two aspects: the stylistic features of the American Constitution and the formal features of the passive voice in the American Constitution, so as to pave the way for the analysis of the passive voice in the American Constitution. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, which attempts to analyze the textual function of passive voice in the American Constitution. The sixth chapter summarizes the full text and puts forward some suggestions for later research. This paper analyzes the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States in order to highlight the important position of passive voice in the construction of legal texts. Fully excavating the meaning of passive voice can improve readers' understanding of legal texts, and the proper use of passive voice can also improve the writing level of law makers and legal translators. In addition, this paper also has a certain enlightening effect on the teaching of passive voice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD911
本文編號(hào)：2481216
[Abstract]:The important position of passive voice in language is self-evident. For a long time, many linguists have studied passive voice from the perspective of form. In recent decades, a new method has emerged to study passive voice, which pays more attention to the function of passive voice. In a sense, these two research methods complement each other and provide an important theoretical basis for the comprehensive and systematic study of passive voice. The Federal Constitution of the United States (1787), (hereinafter referred to as the Constitution of the United States) is the first written constitution in the world, and it is also the most stable constitution in the world. It has been more than 200 years since it was formulated in 1787. Over the past 200 years, the whole world, including the United States, has undergone earth-shaking changes, both politically and economically. However, the Constitution of the United States, in addition to the addition of 27 amendments, is well preserved. As a result, many scholars try to find out the reasons for the stability of the American Constitution from the perspective of law. In fact, the subtlety of the American constitutional language itself is one of the reasons for its tenacious vitality, which is often ignored. According to incomplete statistics, a large number of passive voice is used in the Constitution of the United States, which is worth studying. To some extent, the frequent appearance of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States is closely related to the stylistic features of the Constitution of the United States. At the same time, the unique formal characteristics of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States are also worthy of attention. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States. This analysis is based on the discourse function theory, which is one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Liu Chao (2004) proposed that passive voice has six textual functions in English news style, namely, highlighting thematic functions, introducing thematic functions, transforming thematic functions, highlighting focus functions, contrastive focus functions and textual cohesion and coherence functions. By analyzing a large number of excerpts from the Constitution of the United States, it is found that the passive voice also has these six textual functions in the Constitution of the United States. It is these textual functions that make the American Constitution structurally coherent and semantic coherent. Moreover, although these six textual functions are elaborated one by one in this paper, in fact, these functions can often act on the reorganization of the text at the same time. This paper consists of six chapters: the first chapter introduces the significance of this topic, the purpose of writing, the research methods and the overall framework, the second chapter reviews the passive voice of the study and the study of the Constitution of the United States, the second chapter of the literature review part reviews the passive voice of the research situation, and reviews the research situation of the Constitution of the United States. The third chapter constructs the theoretical framework of the full text, mainly focusing on the discourse function theory, one of the three metafunctional theories in Halliday's systemic functional grammar. The fourth chapter attempts to explain the close relationship between the passive voice and the American Constitution from two aspects: the stylistic features of the American Constitution and the formal features of the passive voice in the American Constitution, so as to pave the way for the analysis of the passive voice in the American Constitution. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, which attempts to analyze the textual function of passive voice in the American Constitution. The sixth chapter summarizes the full text and puts forward some suggestions for later research. This paper analyzes the textual function of passive voice in the Constitution of the United States in order to highlight the important position of passive voice in the construction of legal texts. Fully excavating the meaning of passive voice can improve readers' understanding of legal texts, and the proper use of passive voice can also improve the writing level of law makers and legal translators. In addition, this paper also has a certain enlightening effect on the teaching of passive voice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD911
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 薛龍翠;《美國(guó)聯(lián)邦憲法》（1787）與《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》中的語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)比研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年
，本文編號(hào)：2481216
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