1965年以來美國的外來移民及其經(jīng)濟影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-21 09:11
【摘要】： 自20世紀60年代以來,特別是在1965年《移民與國籍法修正案》頒布之后,美國的外來移民潮發(fā)生了顯著變化,移民的教育程度與技能水平等均呈現(xiàn)出了新的特征與趨勢。與此同時,美國也經(jīng)歷著一次前所未有的經(jīng)濟重構(gòu),即由工業(yè)經(jīng)濟向服務(wù)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)型。在這種歷史背景下,圍繞著外來移民的經(jīng)濟影響問題,美國社會再次爆發(fā)了空前的激烈爭論。許多美國人認為當代移民已不適應(yīng)美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要,因而對美國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生了不利影響。對此,本文利用大量的美國政府原始文獻、各類研究機構(gòu)報告以及學者的相關(guān)著述,運用歷史學的研究視角,綜合其他學科的研究方法,對美國的當代移民及其經(jīng)濟影響問題做一歷史考察。 全文由緒論、五章正文、結(jié)語三部分構(gòu)成。緒論部分介紹了本研究的選題緣由、研究目標與意義、研究的創(chuàng)新與不足,同時也對中外學者關(guān)于這一課題的相關(guān)研究做了一個概要的評述; 第一章回顧了1965年以來的移民潮,著重探討了1965年《移民與國籍法修正案》形成的歷史背景、內(nèi)容與影響,分析1965年以來入境移民的不同類別,并對移民潮形成的原因加以探討; 第二章考察了當代移民的人口、教育程度、職業(yè)類別以及居住分布等方面的特征,對他們呈現(xiàn)出來的一些新的特點與趨勢作了詳細分析; 第三章從美國經(jīng)濟重構(gòu)的視角探討了當代美國經(jīng)濟對外來移民的需求,同時也考察了當代移民在美國就業(yè)市場中的經(jīng)濟同化。它表明,當代移民的到來仍是滿足美國經(jīng)濟需求的一個直接結(jié)果,并且隨著時間的發(fā)展,移民也將在美國逐步實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟同化;第四章針對美國人關(guān)于移民的經(jīng)濟影響的爭論,對移民的就業(yè)市場影響與福利影響作以歷史的考察,表明當代移民并未對美國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生消極影響,相反,從一個長遠的角度來看卻產(chǎn)生了較為積極的經(jīng)濟影響; 第五章探討了當代移民對于美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所作出的貢獻,分別從移民與勞動力供應(yīng)以及高、低技術(shù)移民與美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的關(guān)系的層面,并結(jié)合以個案分析,來說明當代移民對于美國經(jīng)濟的重要意義; 結(jié)語部分對當代移民的經(jīng)濟影響問題作以簡要總結(jié),認為當代移民仍對美國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生了積極的影響,是一筆巨大的財富而并非是妨礙經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的包袱。同時,筆者也提出了探討移民經(jīng)濟影響需要注意的幾個問題:(1)移民的經(jīng)濟性影響與非經(jīng)濟性影響;(2)移民的宏觀經(jīng)濟影響與微觀經(jīng)濟影響;(3)移民的長期經(jīng)濟影響與短期經(jīng)濟影響;(4)移民的顯性經(jīng)濟影響與隱性經(jīng)濟影響。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, especially after the Amendment of the Immigration and nationality Act was promulgated in 1965, the immigration tide in the United States has changed significantly, and the level of education and skills of immigrants has presented new characteristics and trends. At the same time, the United States also experienced an unprecedented economic restructuring, that is, the transformation from industrial economy to service economy. Under this kind of historical background, the American society again broke out the unprecedented fierce debate around the economic influence of the immigrants. Many Americans believe that contemporary immigrants are not adapted to the needs of the United States economy, and thus have a negative impact on the United States economy. In view of this, this paper makes use of a large number of original documents of the American government, reports of various research institutions and relevant works of scholars, and uses the perspective of history to synthesize the research methods of other disciplines. A historical study of contemporary immigration and its economic impact in the United States. The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, five chapters, and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reasons, objectives and significance of this study, the innovation and deficiency of the research, and also makes a summary comment on the relevant research on this subject by Chinese and foreign scholars. The first chapter reviews the migration tide since 1965, focuses on the historical background, content and impact of the 1965 Amendment to the Immigration and nationality Law, and analyzes the different categories of immigration since 1965. The reasons for the formation of migration tide are also discussed. The second chapter examines the characteristics of contemporary immigrants in terms of population, educational level, occupational categories and residential distribution, and makes a detailed analysis of some new characteristics and trends that they present. The third chapter discusses the demand of contemporary American economy for immigrants from the perspective of economic reconstruction in the United States, and also examines the economic assimilation of contemporary immigrants in the employment market of the United States. It shows that the arrival of contemporary immigrants is still a direct result of meeting the economic needs of the United States, and with the development of time, immigrants will gradually achieve economic assimilation in the United States; The fourth chapter focuses on the debate about the economic impact of immigration, and makes a historical study of the employment market impact and welfare impact of immigrants. It shows that the contemporary immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy, on the contrary, the current immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy. From a long-term perspective, however, it has produced a more positive economic impact; The fifth chapter discusses the contribution of contemporary immigrants to the economic development of the United States, from the perspective of immigration and labor supply, and the relationship between high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants and the economic development of the United States, and combined with a case study of the relationship between immigrants and economic development in the United States. To illustrate the significance of contemporary immigration to the American economy; The conclusion makes a brief summary of the economic impact of contemporary immigrants, and argues that contemporary immigrants still have a positive impact on the American economy, which is a great wealth rather than a burden that hinders the development of the economy. At the same time, the author also puts forward some problems that need to be paid attention to: (1) the economic and non-economic effects of immigrants, (2) the macro-economic and micro-economic effects of immigrants, and the other is the economic and non-economic impacts of immigrants. (3) the long-term and short-term economic effects of immigrants, and (4) the explicit and implicit economic effects of immigrants.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D971.2
本文編號：2462047
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, especially after the Amendment of the Immigration and nationality Act was promulgated in 1965, the immigration tide in the United States has changed significantly, and the level of education and skills of immigrants has presented new characteristics and trends. At the same time, the United States also experienced an unprecedented economic restructuring, that is, the transformation from industrial economy to service economy. Under this kind of historical background, the American society again broke out the unprecedented fierce debate around the economic influence of the immigrants. Many Americans believe that contemporary immigrants are not adapted to the needs of the United States economy, and thus have a negative impact on the United States economy. In view of this, this paper makes use of a large number of original documents of the American government, reports of various research institutions and relevant works of scholars, and uses the perspective of history to synthesize the research methods of other disciplines. A historical study of contemporary immigration and its economic impact in the United States. The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, five chapters, and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reasons, objectives and significance of this study, the innovation and deficiency of the research, and also makes a summary comment on the relevant research on this subject by Chinese and foreign scholars. The first chapter reviews the migration tide since 1965, focuses on the historical background, content and impact of the 1965 Amendment to the Immigration and nationality Law, and analyzes the different categories of immigration since 1965. The reasons for the formation of migration tide are also discussed. The second chapter examines the characteristics of contemporary immigrants in terms of population, educational level, occupational categories and residential distribution, and makes a detailed analysis of some new characteristics and trends that they present. The third chapter discusses the demand of contemporary American economy for immigrants from the perspective of economic reconstruction in the United States, and also examines the economic assimilation of contemporary immigrants in the employment market of the United States. It shows that the arrival of contemporary immigrants is still a direct result of meeting the economic needs of the United States, and with the development of time, immigrants will gradually achieve economic assimilation in the United States; The fourth chapter focuses on the debate about the economic impact of immigration, and makes a historical study of the employment market impact and welfare impact of immigrants. It shows that the contemporary immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy, on the contrary, the current immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy. From a long-term perspective, however, it has produced a more positive economic impact; The fifth chapter discusses the contribution of contemporary immigrants to the economic development of the United States, from the perspective of immigration and labor supply, and the relationship between high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants and the economic development of the United States, and combined with a case study of the relationship between immigrants and economic development in the United States. To illustrate the significance of contemporary immigration to the American economy; The conclusion makes a brief summary of the economic impact of contemporary immigrants, and argues that contemporary immigrants still have a positive impact on the American economy, which is a great wealth rather than a burden that hinders the development of the economy. At the same time, the author also puts forward some problems that need to be paid attention to: (1) the economic and non-economic effects of immigrants, (2) the macro-economic and micro-economic effects of immigrants, and the other is the economic and non-economic impacts of immigrants. (3) the long-term and short-term economic effects of immigrants, and (4) the explicit and implicit economic effects of immigrants.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D971.2
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前3條
1 黃霜;華裔美國人的異族婚姻[D];上海外國語大學;2011年
2 呂洪艷;美國女性單親家庭福利史研究（1935-1996）[D];東北師范大學;2011年
3 趙昌漢;衰落與復蘇：二戰(zhàn)后美國學校道德教育變遷研究[D];華中師范大學;2013年
相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條
1 姜麗霞;“9.11”事件后美國的穆斯林移民政策研究[D];云南大學;2012年
2 韓丹;試論美國的印度技術(shù)移民及其影響（1965-2000）[D];東北師范大學;2012年
，本文編號：2462047
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/fashilw/2462047.html
