【摘要】： 正義理念問題是關系侵權法能否走出理論困境、實現(xiàn)制度創(chuàng)新的關鍵。侵權法在發(fā)展的不同時期具有不同的正義理念。近代社會以來,侵權法的正義理念從維護個人自由權利走向維護社會一般安全,在風險社會侵權法的使命則是如何來公平的分配風險。侵權法又是一部有關責任的法律,其正義理念和相應的制度設計直接體現(xiàn)在責任的規(guī)定之上。就責任的承擔而言,它決定現(xiàn)實社會生活層面上發(fā)生的損害,受害人是否及能否得到法律上的救濟。近代侵權法的價值基礎是自由主義,其追求個體正義,遵循矯正正義和抽象平等觀念。在制度上設計上則是采用過錯責任,以抑制對自由的侵害,激發(fā)社會每個成員的創(chuàng)造活力,從而促使社會財富的迅速增長。但是近代侵權法在應對大量的工業(yè)事故和人身損害問題上,出現(xiàn)了制度失靈。以社會一般安全為價值基礎的嚴格責任適時而生。嚴格責任以社會安全為目標,體現(xiàn)的是一種社會正義。在制度設計上則是通過與保險制度相結合,將損失分散到社會,擴大了救濟的力度。嚴格責任制度適應現(xiàn)代社會的要求,在促進人的發(fā)展、社會資源配置、受害人利益維護等層面上發(fā)揮積極作用。當人類社會全面進入風險社會后,基于“風險——分配”邏輯,在人類社會追求社會正義價值的指引下,侵權行為法正悄悄的迎來一場深層次的變革,如何公平的分配社會風險,促進個人自由價值與社會公共安全價值和諧是侵權法的新使命。
[Abstract]:The question of justice idea is the key to get out of the theoretical predicament and realize the system innovation of tort law. Tort law has different concepts of justice in different periods of development. Since the modern society, the concept of justice in tort law has changed from safeguarding individual freedom right to maintaining general social security, and the mission of tort law in risk society is how to distribute risk fairly. Tort law is also a law of liability, its justice concept and corresponding system design are directly reflected in the provisions of liability. As far as liability is concerned, it determines whether and whether the victim can get legal relief for the damage occurring in the real social life. The value foundation of modern tort law is liberalism, which pursues individual justice and follows the concept of corrective justice and abstract equality. In the institutional design, fault liability is adopted to restrain the infringement of freedom, stimulate the creative vitality of every member of society, and thus promote the rapid growth of social wealth. However, modern tort law has appeared system failure in dealing with a large number of industrial accidents and personal injury. Strict liability based on social security as the basis of value is timely. Strict liability aims at social security and embodies a kind of social justice. In the system design, through the combination with the insurance system, the loss is dispersed to the society, and the relief is expanded. Strict liability system adapts to the requirements of modern society and plays an active role in promoting the development of human beings, the allocation of social resources, the maintenance of victims' interests and so on. When the human society fully enters the risk society, based on the logic of "risk-distribution", under the guidance of the pursuit of social justice value in the human society, the tort law is quietly ushering in a deep-seated change. It is a new mission of tort law that how to distribute social risks fairly and promote the harmony between individual free value and social public safety value.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D90-05

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 田園;侵權行為客觀歸責理論研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

2 楊婧;侵權責任構成之違法性要件研究[D];鄭州大學;2012年

3 劉宏渭;連帶債務法律制度研究[D];山東大學;2012年

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 王硯;我國侵權責任法的權利本位理念研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

2 廖棟培;論建筑物不明墜物致害責任[D];西南政法大學;2011年

3 劉明奎;論私域何以需要國家的有限規(guī)制[D];吉林大學;2010年

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本文編號：2458870