【摘要】： 霍布斯作為17世紀(jì)英國偉大的思想家,其法律思想在整個(gè)歐洲乃至全世界的重要地位都是不言而喻的。他以人性論為出發(fā)點(diǎn),以自然權(quán)利和自然狀態(tài)為基礎(chǔ),開創(chuàng)性地論證了社會(huì)契約的產(chǎn)生和國家存在的必然性,從而構(gòu)建了其法律觀的核心:國家主義。同樣地,霍布斯尋求了一種不同以往的研究路徑,他仿照自然科學(xué)的研究方法,探索出邏輯嚴(yán)密的法律論證方法,讓自然科學(xué)、政治哲學(xué)以及公民科學(xué)三者有機(jī)地結(jié)合為一體�；舨妓乖跉v史上也極具爭議,傳統(tǒng)上大多數(shù)人都將霍布斯列為近代自然法的代表人物,也有人認(rèn)定霍布斯是法律實(shí)證主義的創(chuàng)始人之一,這些說法均無法全面、準(zhǔn)確地把握霍布斯的法律思想。其法律觀的創(chuàng)新意義和兩面性的特點(diǎn)正是本文研究的意義所在。 全文共分為三部分,在交代了研究目的、材料和方法之后,第一章闡述了霍布斯法律觀產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)背景、自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和思想淵源,進(jìn)而認(rèn)為,霍布斯的創(chuàng)作并非是在一個(gè)具有濃厚學(xué)術(shù)氣氛的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行的,確切地講,他的哲學(xué)和政治思想在一定程度上是當(dāng)時(shí)英國和歐洲社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的反映。同時(shí),霍布斯繼承了人文主義思潮和馬基雅維利的某些觀點(diǎn),在借鑒了新的自然科學(xué)方法論的基礎(chǔ)上為自己的公民科學(xué)尋求一個(gè)讓人信服的理由和方式。接下來第二章梳理了霍布斯法律觀的內(nèi)容,論證了其思想由自然法向?qū)嵶C法的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。從人性論開始,說明了因此而產(chǎn)生的自然權(quán)利,隨即形成的自然狀態(tài),以及最后形成的國家,揭示了霍布斯國家主權(quán)至上的核心理念。論文最后一章是對(duì)霍布斯法律觀的評(píng)價(jià),他的法律觀具有兩面性的特點(diǎn),一方面霍布斯用近代自然法觀闡述人所生活的前國家狀況。另一方面,為了給這種無政府狀態(tài)劃上句號(hào),他轉(zhuǎn)而換用法律實(shí)證主義的觀點(diǎn)為國家至上主權(quán)提供依據(jù)和保障。我們可以說他既是近代自然法的奠基人,也是法律實(shí)證主義的先驅(qū)。 霍布斯是時(shí)代造就的偉大者,雖然其法律觀并不是盡善盡美,但他在整個(gè)法律思想史上起到了承前啟后的作用,他的貢獻(xiàn)永遠(yuǎn)是世人無法復(fù)制的。
[Abstract]:Hobbes, as a great British thinker in the 17 th century, his legal thought in the whole Europe and even the world's important position is self-evident. Taking the theory of human nature as the starting point and taking the natural rights and natural state as the basis, he demonstrated the emergence of the social contract and the inevitability of the existence of the country, and thus constructed the core of his legal view: nationalism. In the same way, Hobbes seeks a different way of research. He imitates the research method of natural science, and explores the method of legal argumentation with strict logic, so that natural science, political philosophy and civil science can be combined into one organic whole. Hobbes is also very controversial in history. Traditionally, most people have listed Hobbes as a representative of modern natural law, and some people think that Hobbes is one of the founders of legal positivism. Accurately grasp Hobbes' legal thought. The innovative significance and dual-sided characteristics of its legal view is the significance of this study. The paper is divided into three parts. After explaining the research purpose, materials and methods, the first chapter expounds the social background, the natural science foundation and the thought origin of Hobbes' legal view, and then thinks that, Hobbes' creation was not carried out in an environment with a strong academic atmosphere. To be exact, his philosophy and political thought were to some extent the reflection of the social reality of England and Europe at that time. At the same time Hobbes inherited humanism and Machiavelli's views and sought a convincing reason and method for his civic science on the basis of drawing lessons from the new natural science methodology. The second chapter combs the content of Hobbes' view of law and demonstrates the transformation process of his thought from natural law to positive law. Beginning with the theory of human nature, this paper explains the natural rights, the natural state and the final state of nature, and reveals the core idea of Hobbes' supremacy of state sovereignty. The last chapter is the evaluation of Hobbes' view of law, which has two sides. On the one hand, Hobbes uses the modern view of natural law to expound the former state of life. On the other hand, in order to put an end to this anarchy, he switched to the legal positivism to provide the basis and guarantee for the supreme sovereignty of the state. We can say that he is not only the founder of modern natural law, but also the pioneer of legal positivism. Hobbes is a great man made by the times. Although his legal view is not perfect, he plays a role in connecting the past with the future in the whole history of legal thought, and his contribution can never be copied by the world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D909.561

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