【摘要】：法制是法律和制度的總稱(chēng),是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)按照自己的意志通過(guò)國(guó)家權(quán)力建立起來(lái)的法律制度。法制的本質(zhì)是為了維護(hù)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的利益,打擊敵對(duì)勢(shì)力,建立穩(wěn)固的社會(huì)秩序。新聞法制是指有關(guān)新聞事業(yè)的法律、規(guī)章和管理制度,涉及國(guó)家對(duì)新聞事業(yè)的控制與管理、新聞業(yè)內(nèi)部行為與準(zhǔn)則、新聞從業(yè)人員的職業(yè)道德以及國(guó)家和公民在新聞傳播活動(dòng)中應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守的行為準(zhǔn)則等方面的內(nèi)容。它是一個(gè)國(guó)家法律體系的重要組成部分,尤其是在現(xiàn)今信息化社會(huì)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用。本文所指的新聞出版法制指的是近代意義上的新聞出版法律體系。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后,西方的近代主義思潮大量涌入中國(guó),為先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子所接受。中國(guó)報(bào)刊業(yè)的發(fā)展也使得清政府對(duì)言論思想的控制力不從心,新的新聞出版理念已經(jīng)逐步形成。為了維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治,晚晴政府希望借助西方先進(jìn)的法律形式籠絡(luò)民心,變法修律被提上日程,以報(bào)律為主要形式出現(xiàn)的新聞出版法制應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。清末的新聞出版立法經(jīng)過(guò)了較長(zhǎng)的前期準(zhǔn)備,先后出臺(tái)了五部專(zhuān)門(mén)的報(bào)刊出版法規(guī),在形式和內(nèi)容上也越來(lái)越完善,并在實(shí)踐中得到實(shí)施,開(kāi)啟了中國(guó)近代新聞出版立法的進(jìn)程,成為中國(guó)新聞出版法制的開(kāi)端,實(shí)現(xiàn)了文化專(zhuān)制歷史性的突破。但是與清末整個(gè)憲政的實(shí)質(zhì)一樣,其新聞出版立法也只是“以西學(xué)為體,中學(xué)為用”,借助西方資本主義的先進(jìn)形式實(shí)行封建專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治的內(nèi)容,因此在實(shí)施過(guò)程中得到了外界的頑強(qiáng)抵抗,其實(shí)施效果并不理想。本文以清末新聞出版立法的理念以及影響為主線(xiàn),從清末新聞出版立法的背景、主要內(nèi)容、實(shí)施以及評(píng)價(jià)四個(gè)方面來(lái)全面地認(rèn)識(shí)清末的新聞出版法制。全文分為以下幾個(gè)部分： 引言：介紹研究現(xiàn)狀、研究目的以及研究方法等,對(duì)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總覽概述。 第一部分：清末新聞出版立法的背景。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后清政府已經(jīng)外強(qiáng)中干,其統(tǒng)治搖搖欲墜。中國(guó)近代報(bào)刊業(yè)如雨后春筍般迅速發(fā)展,西方的新聞出版立法理念也涌入中國(guó),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的言論自由造成沖擊。本部分主要從三個(gè)視角對(duì)這一時(shí)期的新聞出版立法產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境進(jìn)行分析：第一,近代新聞法制思想的萌生與發(fā)展；第二,知識(shí)分子大力呼吁新聞自由；第三,清政府制定新聞法規(guī)的直接動(dòng)因。 第二部分：清末新聞立法的主要內(nèi)容。這部分主要是從兩個(gè)方面對(duì)清末新聞法制的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的歸納總結(jié)：其一,是對(duì)具體的新聞法規(guī)進(jìn)行大致介紹,清末主要的新聞法規(guī)有五部,從制定主體、法規(guī)的主要內(nèi)容、執(zhí)行情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明,其中著重總結(jié)了條文法規(guī)的內(nèi)容；其二,根據(jù)對(duì)法規(guī)的內(nèi)容的了解,從整個(gè)清末的新聞法律體系出發(fā),歸納出清末新聞出版法的內(nèi)容。 第三部分：清末新聞法規(guī)的實(shí)施狀況。主要是從實(shí)施措施和實(shí)施效果兩個(gè)方面來(lái)深入探討。首先,客觀的指出清末統(tǒng)治者對(duì)新聞法規(guī)的實(shí)施主要采取了設(shè)置專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)、制定獎(jiǎng)懲措施、規(guī)定空間實(shí)施效力等措施；其次,整理史料并舉例說(shuō)明為什么當(dāng)時(shí)清政府制定新聞法規(guī)之后在實(shí)施的過(guò)程中不僅受到了重重阻力而且最終的實(shí)施效果并不理想。 第四部分：結(jié)合前面對(duì)清末新聞法制的內(nèi)容介紹進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)析。對(duì)任何事物都要用辯證的眼光看待,清末新聞法制開(kāi)歷史之先河,但也不可避免地帶有封建性、殖民性等時(shí)代特色。
[Abstract]:The legal system is the general term of law and system, and it is the legal system established by the State Party in accordance with its will through the power of the state. The essence of the legal system is to safeguard the interests of depositors, to combat the hostile forces and to establish a stable social order. The law of journalism refers to the laws, regulations and management systems of journalism, involving the control and management of journalism, the internal behavior and norms of journalism, The professional ethics of journalism practitioners and the codes of conduct that States and citizens should abide by in the dissemination of information. It is an important part of a national legal system, especially in the current information society. The law of press and publication referred to in this paper refers to the legal system of press and publication in the modern sense. After the Opium War, the western modern trend of thought poured into China and accepted the advanced intellectuals. The development of the newspaper industry in China has also made the Qing government's control over the thought of speech, and the new idea of publishing and publication has been gradually formed. In order to maintain the feudal rule, the late Qing government hopes to use the advanced legal form of western law to cage the people's heart, and the law of law is put on the agenda, and the press and publication law which appeared in the form of newspaper law came into being. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the press and publication legislation in the late Qing Dynasty went through a long period of preparation. Five specialized newspapers and periodicals were published in succession. In the form and content, the press and publication legislation became more and more perfect and implemented in practice, and opened the process of China's modern press and publication legislation. It became the beginning of China's press and publication system, and realized the historic breakthrough of cultural autocracy. But with the essence of the whole constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty, its press and publication legislation is only a 鈥淭aking western learning as a body, middle schools are used鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2304946