【摘要】： 戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)是環(huán)境影響評價(jià)在立法、政策、計(jì)劃和規(guī)劃層次上的應(yīng)用,是對一項(xiàng)立法、政策、計(jì)劃或規(guī)劃及其替代方案的環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行正式的、系統(tǒng)的、綜合的評價(jià)過程,最后就評價(jià)的結(jié)論準(zhǔn)備一份書面報(bào)告,并將評價(jià)結(jié)論應(yīng)用于政府決策中。戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)可以彌補(bǔ)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響評價(jià)的缺陷、幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)政府決策的科學(xué)化和民主化、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度的立法始于美國1969年《國家環(huán)境政策法》。隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的推廣,各國環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重以及建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度的局限性凸顯,很多國家和地區(qū)開始重視戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度,并將其納入法律體系。我國大陸地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)立法起步較晚,僅將戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)定位在規(guī)劃層次,與全面的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)還有相當(dāng)大的距離。借鑒其他國家和地區(qū)戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善我國的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度,在貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的今天十分重要。 由于政治體制、法律傳統(tǒng)的差異,美國、加拿大、歐盟和我國臺(tái)灣地區(qū)的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)立法也有所不同,主要體現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度的幾個(gè)重要的要素——評價(jià)對象、參與主體、評價(jià)程序和評價(jià)報(bào)告書的內(nèi)容上的差異。尋求差異存在的原因和導(dǎo)致的不同的實(shí)施效果,可以為我國立法提供一些思路和借鑒。 進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評價(jià)比較研究的落腳點(diǎn)則是為中國的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境評價(jià)制度立法提供思路和借鑒。通過比較分析,我國未來的戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度可以從以下方面改進(jìn):在評價(jià)對象方面,逐步將戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)對象由規(guī)劃擴(kuò)展到立法、政策、規(guī)劃和計(jì)劃;在參與主體方面,加強(qiáng)法院監(jiān)督和公眾監(jiān)督在戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)中的作用;在程序方面,可以針對立法、政策的特殊性,將對立法、政策環(huán)境影響評價(jià)程序與規(guī)劃、計(jì)劃區(qū)別對待,以更加靈活的程序進(jìn)行;報(bào)告書的內(nèi)容方面,應(yīng)當(dāng)引進(jìn)可替代方案的內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Strategic environmental impact assessment is the application of environmental impact assessment at the legislative, policy, planning and planning levels. It is formal and systematic in relation to the environmental impact of a legislation, policy, plan or plan and its alternatives. Finally, a written report on the conclusions of the evaluation is prepared and applied to government decision-making. Strategic environmental impact assessment can make up for the defects of environmental impact assessment of construction projects, help to realize the scientific and democratic decision-making of government, and realize the sustainable development of economy and society. The legislation of strategic environmental impact assessment system began with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 in the United States. With the promotion of the concept of sustainable development, environmental problems become increasingly serious in various countries and the limitations of environmental impact assessment system of construction projects are highlighted. Many countries and regions begin to attach importance to the strategic environmental impact assessment system and incorporate it into the legal system. The legislation of strategic environmental impact assessment (EIA) in mainland China started relatively late, and only strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA) is located at the planning level, which is far from the comprehensive strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA). It is very important to use the experience of other countries and regions for reference and perfect the system of strategic environmental impact assessment in our country. Due to differences in political systems and legal traditions, the legislation on strategic environmental impact assessment in the United States, Canada, the European Union and Taiwan is also different. It is mainly reflected in the differences of several important elements of the strategic environmental impact assessment system, namely, the evaluation object, the main body involved, the evaluation procedure and the content of the evaluation report. Seeking the reasons for the differences and the different implementation effects can provide some ideas and lessons for our legislation. The conclusion of comparative study of strategic environmental assessment is to provide ideas and references for the legislation of strategic environmental assessment system in China. Through comparative analysis, our country's future strategic environmental impact assessment system can be improved from the following aspects: in terms of evaluation objects, the strategic environmental impact assessment objects should be gradually extended from planning to legislation, policy, planning and planning; Strengthen the role of court supervision and public supervision in strategic environmental impact assessment; In the aspect of procedure, according to the particularity of legislation and policy, the procedure and planning of legislation and policy environmental impact assessment will be planned and treated differently with more flexible procedures; In terms of the contents of the report, the contents of alternative schemes should be introduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D971.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 狄馨萍;我國地方重大行政決策程序立法研究[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2011年

2 劉祺姝;昆明市規(guī)劃環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度實(shí)施中存在的問題與對策研究[D];云南大學(xué);2012年

3 楊丹芳;我國戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境影響評價(jià)法律問題研究[D];天津大學(xué);2012年

4 任格格;公共政策環(huán)境影響評價(jià)制度研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：2302360