南京國民政府時(shí)期新聞出版法規(guī)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 16:50
【摘要】： 1927年,以蔣介石為代表的國民黨在南京建立國民政府,開始了其在中國大陸二十二年的統(tǒng)治。政治上,國民黨始終貫徹“以黨治國”的方針。與此相適應(yīng),在新聞出版事業(yè)上,他們實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的新聞統(tǒng)制政策,即將全國所有的新聞事業(yè)納入到國民黨一黨管制之下。根據(jù)這一政策,國民政府針對全國的新聞出版事業(yè)制定和頒布了《出版法》等一系列法規(guī)、法令,據(jù)此實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的新聞登記制度和新聞檢查制度,逐步建立起“以黨治國”、“黨化新聞”的新聞統(tǒng)制制度。這一制度的具體表現(xiàn)就是國民政府不同時(shí)期的新聞出版立法以及其對新聞出版事業(yè)的管理。 按照南京國民政府對新聞出版事業(yè)管理的松緊程度,筆者將分為五個(gè)時(shí)期進(jìn)行論述:1927年至1932年國民政府新聞出版法規(guī)體系初成,《出版法》等基礎(chǔ)性法規(guī)頒布,除了嚴(yán)格限制共產(chǎn)黨新聞事業(yè)外,其對民營新聞出版事業(yè)基本上采取較為寬松的態(tài)度以籠絡(luò)人心,同時(shí)也著手建立國民黨自己的新聞傳播體系;1932年至1935年國民黨政權(quán)稍得穩(wěn)固,其新聞?wù)吡⒓词湛s,實(shí)施事前檢查制,并將其對共產(chǎn)黨出版物的控制擴(kuò)及整個(gè)新聞出版業(yè),頒布法令繁多,各項(xiàng)限制加重,國民黨新聞統(tǒng)制制度建立;1935年至1939年國共聯(lián)和抗日,國民黨新聞?wù)呱杂蟹潘?共產(chǎn)黨部分刊物可在國統(tǒng)區(qū)公開出版;1939年至1944年,抗戰(zhàn)進(jìn)入相持階段,國民黨又掀起第二次反共高潮,隨著《國民精神總動(dòng)員綱領(lǐng)及實(shí)施辦法》和《戰(zhàn)時(shí)新聞檢查辦法》等的出臺(tái),其對新聞出版界的檢查與控制再度加重;1944年至1949年,抗戰(zhàn)勝利之初國民黨在新聞?wù)呱嫌兴徍?很快卻又因內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)而緊縮。其雖然取消了新聞檢查制度,但對收復(fù)區(qū)的新聞統(tǒng)制一刻未停,而其“專制”的結(jié)果便是新聞統(tǒng)制與政治統(tǒng)制一起土崩瓦解。 以蔣介石為首的國民黨在統(tǒng)治大陸時(shí)期的新聞出版政策,始終貫穿的是國民黨新聞統(tǒng)制思想和與之相應(yīng)的新聞檢查。為了貫徹這一思想,國民黨和國民政府不斷頒行法規(guī)以為其新聞統(tǒng)制制定法律基礎(chǔ)。國民政府在制定新聞出版法規(guī)和實(shí)施的過程中對新聞出版業(yè)造成很大傷害,但是,具有民主、自由意識(shí)的中國現(xiàn)代新聞出版業(yè)并未在重壓之下放棄自己的信仰與追求,他們通過各種方式與國民黨新聞統(tǒng)制進(jìn)行斗爭。于是在1949年之前的幾十年間,中國出現(xiàn)了新聞出版法規(guī)繁苛與新聞出版事業(yè)繁榮并存的局面。這一局面形成的原因主要在于國民黨新聞出版法規(guī)制定和實(shí)施過程中存在著自由與專制、黨系斗爭、人治大于法治等重重矛盾,新聞統(tǒng)制的實(shí)施并未達(dá)到如期效果,甚至還起到相反的作用。而這些也導(dǎo)致了國民黨新聞統(tǒng)制的瓦解乃至其政治統(tǒng)治的潰敗。在其敗走臺(tái)灣之后,國民黨在臺(tái)灣立法實(shí)施“報(bào)禁”,對臺(tái)灣的新聞出版事業(yè)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一管理,這在一定程度上也是對南京國民政府時(shí)期新聞出版法規(guī)的延續(xù)。
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Kuomintang, represented by Jiang Jieshi, established the National Government in Nanjing and began its 22-year rule in mainland China. Politically, the Kuomintang has always implemented the principle of "ruling the country by the Party." In line with this, in the press and publishing, they implemented a strict press control policy, that is, all the national press under the control of the Kuomintang, one party. In accordance with this policy, the National Government formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the publication Law, aimed at the press and publication cause of the whole country, in accordance with which a strict press registration system and a press censorship system were implemented, and a "ruling by the Party" was gradually established. The news control system of "Party news". The concrete manifestation of this system is the national government's press and publication legislation in different periods and its management of press and publication. According to the degree of tight management of the press and publication by the Nanjing National Government, the author will discuss it in five periods: from 1927 to 1932, the national government's press and publication laws and regulations were first established, the publication Law was promulgated, and so on. In addition to strictly restricting the journalism of the Communist Party, it basically adopted a more relaxed attitude towards the private press and publishing industry to win over the people, and at the same time set about establishing its own news dissemination system; from 1932 to 1935, the Kuomintang regime gained a little stability. Its news policy immediately shrank, implemented a system of prior censorship, and extended its control over Communist Party publications to the entire press and publishing industry. The KMT press control system was established; from 1935 to 1939, the Kuomintang press policy was slightly relaxed, and some publications of the Communist Party could be published publicly in the Kuomintang controlled areas. From 1939 to 1944, the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation. The Kuomintang also set off a second anti-Communist climax. With the introduction of the General National Spirit Mobilization Program and the wartime News Censorship, the censorship and control of the press and publishing circles increased again; from 1944 to 1949, At the beginning of the victory, the Kuomintang eased its press policy, but soon contracted because of the outbreak of civil war. Although it has abolished the censorship system, the news control over the recovered areas has not stopped for a moment, and the result of its "autocracy" is the collapse of the news control and the political control together. The Kuomintang's press and publication policy, led by Jiang Jieshi in the period of ruling the mainland, always runs through the Kuomintang's thought of controlling journalism and the corresponding censorship of news. In order to carry out this idea, the Kuomintang and the National Government constantly enacted laws and regulations to lay down the legal basis for their journalistic control. The National Government did great harm to the press and publication industry in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of press and publication. However, the modern Chinese press and publication industry, with democratic and liberal consciousness, did not give up its belief and pursuit under the heavy pressure. They fought in various ways against the Kuomintang's control of the press. Thus, in the decades before 1949, the press and publication laws and prosperity coexist in China. The main reasons for the formation of this situation are that there are many contradictions in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of the press and publication of the Kuomintang, such as freedom and despotism, the struggle of the party system, the rule of man over the rule of law, and so on, and the implementation of the news control system has not achieved the scheduled effect. It even has the opposite effect. These also led to the collapse of the KMT's journalistic control and the collapse of its political rule. After its defeat to Taiwan, the KMT legislated "newspaper ban" in Taiwan and unified management of Taiwan's press and publication, which to a certain extent was a continuation of the press and publication laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.16;G239.29
本文編號(hào)：2283772
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Kuomintang, represented by Jiang Jieshi, established the National Government in Nanjing and began its 22-year rule in mainland China. Politically, the Kuomintang has always implemented the principle of "ruling the country by the Party." In line with this, in the press and publishing, they implemented a strict press control policy, that is, all the national press under the control of the Kuomintang, one party. In accordance with this policy, the National Government formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the publication Law, aimed at the press and publication cause of the whole country, in accordance with which a strict press registration system and a press censorship system were implemented, and a "ruling by the Party" was gradually established. The news control system of "Party news". The concrete manifestation of this system is the national government's press and publication legislation in different periods and its management of press and publication. According to the degree of tight management of the press and publication by the Nanjing National Government, the author will discuss it in five periods: from 1927 to 1932, the national government's press and publication laws and regulations were first established, the publication Law was promulgated, and so on. In addition to strictly restricting the journalism of the Communist Party, it basically adopted a more relaxed attitude towards the private press and publishing industry to win over the people, and at the same time set about establishing its own news dissemination system; from 1932 to 1935, the Kuomintang regime gained a little stability. Its news policy immediately shrank, implemented a system of prior censorship, and extended its control over Communist Party publications to the entire press and publishing industry. The KMT press control system was established; from 1935 to 1939, the Kuomintang press policy was slightly relaxed, and some publications of the Communist Party could be published publicly in the Kuomintang controlled areas. From 1939 to 1944, the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation. The Kuomintang also set off a second anti-Communist climax. With the introduction of the General National Spirit Mobilization Program and the wartime News Censorship, the censorship and control of the press and publishing circles increased again; from 1944 to 1949, At the beginning of the victory, the Kuomintang eased its press policy, but soon contracted because of the outbreak of civil war. Although it has abolished the censorship system, the news control over the recovered areas has not stopped for a moment, and the result of its "autocracy" is the collapse of the news control and the political control together. The Kuomintang's press and publication policy, led by Jiang Jieshi in the period of ruling the mainland, always runs through the Kuomintang's thought of controlling journalism and the corresponding censorship of news. In order to carry out this idea, the Kuomintang and the National Government constantly enacted laws and regulations to lay down the legal basis for their journalistic control. The National Government did great harm to the press and publication industry in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of press and publication. However, the modern Chinese press and publication industry, with democratic and liberal consciousness, did not give up its belief and pursuit under the heavy pressure. They fought in various ways against the Kuomintang's control of the press. Thus, in the decades before 1949, the press and publication laws and prosperity coexist in China. The main reasons for the formation of this situation are that there are many contradictions in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of the press and publication of the Kuomintang, such as freedom and despotism, the struggle of the party system, the rule of man over the rule of law, and so on, and the implementation of the news control system has not achieved the scheduled effect. It even has the opposite effect. These also led to the collapse of the KMT's journalistic control and the collapse of its political rule. After its defeat to Taiwan, the KMT legislated "newspaper ban" in Taiwan and unified management of Taiwan's press and publication, which to a certain extent was a continuation of the press and publication laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.16;G239.29
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉國強(qiáng);;民國時(shí)期《出版法》述評[J];中國出版;2011年21期
，本文編號(hào)：2283772
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