【摘要】： 憲政雖然是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的產(chǎn)物,但卻具有普適價(jià)值。社會(huì)主義追求人的解放和全面發(fā)展。在這一點(diǎn)上,憲政與社會(huì)主義具有一致性。所以我國(guó)不僅可以而且應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行憲政建設(shè)。我國(guó)是外生型憲政國(guó)家,而且存在著長(zhǎng)期的封建專制傳統(tǒng),因此我國(guó)的憲政建設(shè)不可能是一帆風(fēng)順的。盡管我國(guó)建設(shè)的是社會(huì)主義憲政,與西方憲政有質(zhì)的不同,但是深入分析對(duì)西方憲政具有重要影響的因素,對(duì)我國(guó)憲政建設(shè)必然是有益的。本文以自然法理念為切入點(diǎn),分析自然法理念在憲政形成和發(fā)展中產(chǎn)生的影響,并探討自然法理念在中國(guó)憲政建設(shè)中所能發(fā)揮的有益作用。 在本文第一部分中,筆者簡(jiǎn)略地分析了自然法與憲政的歷史及其所具備的獨(dú)特品質(zhì)。在本文第二部分中,筆者具體分析了自然法理念對(duì)憲政的貢獻(xiàn)。自然法理念對(duì)憲政的貢獻(xiàn)包括內(nèi)容和形式兩個(gè)方面。內(nèi)容方面的影響包括憲政中的人民主權(quán)原則、權(quán)力分立原則、權(quán)利保障原則、法治原則以及憲政的理性主義精神。形式方面的影響包括憲法的成文形式和最高法律效力。這兩方面對(duì)憲政同樣重要。在本文第三部分中,筆者分析了自然法理念對(duì)中國(guó)憲政建設(shè)應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)揮的作用。我國(guó)憲政建設(shè)目前正同時(shí)面臨著機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn),在自然法方面,我國(guó)本無(wú)憲政建設(shè)足以依賴的自然法理念傳統(tǒng),但是馬克思主義法學(xué)在中國(guó)的傳播在一定程度上改變了這一點(diǎn)。馬克思主義法學(xué)是辯證唯物主義的,同時(shí)又與自然法理念關(guān)系密切。自然法理念在資本主義憲政建設(shè)中發(fā)揮的重要作用,在社會(huì)主義憲政建設(shè)中可以由馬克思主義法學(xué)作出。具體而言,馬克思主義法學(xué)需要解決我國(guó)憲政建設(shè)中的兩個(gè)重要問(wèn)題,它們分屬內(nèi)容與形式兩個(gè)層面。前者為法治原則在我國(guó)的建構(gòu),后者是我國(guó)違憲審查制度的完善。 總的來(lái)說(shuō),我國(guó)憲政建設(shè)還須要長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持才能成功,且必然經(jīng)歷許多困難,我們只有貫徹和運(yùn)用馬克思主義法學(xué)基本原理才能克服這些困難。而建設(shè)社會(huì)主義憲政也正是馬克思主義法學(xué)在我國(guó)當(dāng)前與未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里所肩負(fù)的歷史重任。
[Abstract]:Although constitutional government is the product of bourgeoisie, it has universal value. Socialism pursues human liberation and all-round development. On this point, constitutionalism and socialism have consistency. So our country not only can and should carry on constitutionalism construction. China is an exogenous constitutional country, and there is a long-term feudal autocracy tradition, so the constitutional construction of our country can not be smooth sailing. Although the construction of socialist constitutionalism in China is qualitatively different from that of western constitutionalism, it is necessary to analyze the factors that have important influence on the constitutionalism in the west. Based on the concept of natural law, this paper analyzes the influence of the concept of natural law on the formation and development of constitutionalism, and probes into the beneficial role that the idea of natural law can play in the construction of constitutional government in China. In the first part of this paper, the author briefly analyzes the history of natural law and constitutionalism and their unique characteristics. In the second part, the author analyzes the contribution of natural law to constitutionalism. The contribution of the concept of natural law to constitutionalism includes two aspects: content and form. The influence of content includes the principle of people's sovereignty, the principle of separation of power, the principle of protection of rights, the principle of rule of law and the spirit of rationalism in constitutionalism. Formal influences include the written form of the Constitution and the highest legal effect. These two aspects are equally important to constitutionalism. In the third part of this paper, the author analyzes the role of natural law in the construction of Chinese constitutionalism. At present, the constitutional construction of our country is facing both opportunities and challenges. In the aspect of natural law, there is no tradition of natural law that constitutional government construction can rely on, but the spread of Marxist law in China has changed this point to a certain extent. Marxist jurisprudence is dialectical materialism and is closely related to the concept of natural law. The concept of natural law plays an important role in the construction of capitalist constitutionalism and can be made by Marxist jurisprudence in the construction of socialist constitutionalism. Specifically, Marxist jurisprudence needs to solve two important problems in the construction of constitutionalism in China, which belong to two levels: content and form. The former is the construction of the principle of rule of law in our country, and the latter is the perfection of the system of unconstitutional review. In general, the constitutional construction of our country still needs to persist for a long time in order to succeed, and must experience many difficulties, we can overcome these difficulties only by carrying out and applying the basic principles of Marxist law. The construction of socialist constitutionalism is also the historical responsibility of Marxist law in our country for a long time at present and in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D921;D90

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