【摘要】： 實(shí)際履行制度是世界各國(guó)所采用的違約救濟(jì)方式之一。與大陸法系將實(shí)際履行作為首要的違約救濟(jì)方式不同,在英美合同法上,實(shí)際履行是衡平法上的違約救濟(jì)措施之一,是一種居于次要的、補(bǔ)充地位的違約救濟(jì)措施。通過對(duì)實(shí)際履行制度進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn):在許多情形下,實(shí)際履行并不是有效的救濟(jì)措施。 作為一項(xiàng)違約救濟(jì)措施,英美實(shí)際履行制度的適用受到諸多條件的約束和限制,這些條件主要包括積極條件和限制條件。實(shí)際履行所應(yīng)具備的積極條件主要包括:損害賠償是不充分的、要求實(shí)際履行的合同應(yīng)當(dāng)具有相互性、合同是能夠履行的、合同內(nèi)容的確定性;限制實(shí)際履行適用的條件主要包括:合同具有人身因素、需要法院持續(xù)監(jiān)督、違反公共政策、會(huì)使被告處于十分艱難的境地、影響第三人的利益等。英美法對(duì)于實(shí)際履行不像大陸法系一樣有明確的成文法依據(jù),但是多年的司法實(shí)踐對(duì)實(shí)際履行確立了一系列的原則,特別是在一些特定類型的合同之中形成了固定的處理原則,這些合同主要包括:與不動(dòng)產(chǎn)有關(guān)的合同、建筑合同、個(gè)人服務(wù)合同以及貨物買賣合同。 我國(guó)現(xiàn)行立法確立了實(shí)際履行制度,但仍然存在缺陷,如:實(shí)際履行的定位模糊,缺乏實(shí)際履行制度積極要件的規(guī)定;有關(guān)實(shí)際履行的限制規(guī)定比較原則和模糊,不具有可操作性。對(duì)英美法系主要國(guó)家有關(guān)實(shí)際履行的立法和判例進(jìn)行梳理、分析、總結(jié),可以為我國(guó)相關(guān)實(shí)際履行制度的完善提供借鑒。具體而言,我國(guó)的實(shí)際履行制度可以從以下方面進(jìn)行完善:合同法應(yīng)對(duì)實(shí)際履行制度重新定位,將實(shí)際履行作為一種補(bǔ)充的、例外的救濟(jì)措施,只能在特定情形下予以適用;進(jìn)一步明確和細(xì)化實(shí)際履行制度的積極和限制條件,增加法律的可操作性;針對(duì)特殊合同作出特別規(guī)定,形成具體和固定的處理原則;借鑒效率違約理論完善實(shí)際履行制度。
[Abstract]:The system of actual performance is one of the remedies for breach of contract adopted by countries all over the world. Different from the civil law system, the actual performance is regarded as the primary remedy for breach of contract. In the Anglo-American contract law, the actual performance is one of the remedies in the equity law, and it is also a kind of minor and supplementary remedy for the breach of contract. Through the economic analysis of the actual performance system, it can be found that in many cases, the actual performance is not an effective relief measure. As a remedy for breach of contract, the application of the practical performance system in Britain and America is restricted and restricted by many conditions, including positive and restrictive conditions. The positive conditions of actual performance mainly include: the compensation for damages is not sufficient, the contract that requires actual performance should be mutual, the contract can be performed, and the content of the contract is deterministic; The conditions of restricting the actual performance include: the contract has personal factors, needs the continuous supervision of the court, violates the public policy, will make the defendant in a very difficult situation, and affect the interests of the third party and so on. Anglo-American law does not have a clear statutory basis for actual performance, but many years of judicial practice have established a series of principles for actual performance, especially in some specific types of contracts formed a fixed treatment principle. These contracts include: real estate contracts, construction contracts, personal services contracts and contracts for the sale of goods. The current legislation of our country has established the actual performance system, but there are still some defects, such as the vague orientation of the actual performance, the lack of the provisions of the positive elements of the actual performance system, the comparative principle and vagueness of the restriction provisions concerning the actual performance. Not operable. By combing, analyzing and summing up the legislation and precedents of practical performance in the major countries of Anglo-American legal system, we can provide reference for the perfection of relevant practical performance system in our country. In particular, the actual performance system of our country can be perfected from the following aspects: the contract law should reposition the actual performance system and take the actual performance as a supplementary and exceptional relief measure, which can only be applied under the specific circumstances; Further clarify and refine the positive and restrictive conditions of the actual performance system, increase the operability of the law; make special provisions for special contracts, form specific and fixed treatment principles; use the theory of efficiency breach of contract to perfect the actual performance system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：DD913;D956.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王莉莉;國(guó)際商事合同之實(shí)際履行問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2248742