【摘要】： 懲罰性損害賠償是英美法系國家特有的一種民事救濟制度。該制度在美國歷經兩百多年的發(fā)展,被廣泛地適用于侵權法領域,在懲罰嚴重的侵權行為和預防侵權行為的發(fā)生等方面發(fā)揮著重大的作用,因此具有重要的借鑒意義�；诖�,筆者展開對美國侵權法懲罰性損害賠償制度的研究。該研究涉及以下幾個主要問題：在美國侵權法視角下,第一,何謂懲罰性損害賠償；第二,懲罰性損害賠償存在的理由；第三,適用懲罰性損害賠償的侵權行為類型；第四,適用懲罰性損害賠償時,如何確定適當的數額。 本文即圍繞這些基本的問題展開研究,共分五章： 第一章為美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償概述,主要研究了懲罰性損害賠償制度的基本理論問題。本章立足于美國的司法判例和理論研究,主要介紹美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償的定義,總結其特征；本章還將對懲罰性損害賠償與返還性、加重性損害賠償的關系進行辨析,進一步明晰美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償制度的性質,獲得進一步研究的理論基礎。 第二章為懲罰性損害賠償制度的功能研究。本章對懲罰性損害賠償制度的功能進行了論述,指出此項制度的主要功能在于懲罰和威嚇。得出侵權法懲罰性損害賠償制度的理論基礎。本章還嘗試從經濟學的角度引入“行為的成本與收益”理論和漢德公式對該制度進行分析,從經濟學角度印證了懲罰性損害賠償的社會功能,即一方面通過提高潛在侵害人的行為成本以達到事先預防侵權行為發(fā)生的目的；另一方面通過提高受害人的行為收益,激勵受害人提起訴訟,達到加強法律威懾功能的目的。 第三章為美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償制度的歷史演進。本章結合判例介紹了美國侵權法中該制度的形成及發(fā)展,尤其是其歷史沿革過程中經歷的(19世紀)存廢之爭與(20世紀)改革浪潮,以期從歷史的角度對美國侵權法懲罰性損害賠償制度進行深入的理解和把握。經過上世紀80年代的改革浪潮,美國在立法及司法上均開始采取相應的措施對懲罰性損害賠償的適用作出限制。 第四章為美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償的相關規(guī)定。作為本文寫作的重點,本章主要解構美國侵權法上懲罰性損害賠償制度,以其構成要件與數額量定為兩大要素來解讀該制度,就相關細節(jié)展開詳細論證；得出該制度適用于哪些侵權行為類型。 第五章為美國侵權法中懲罰性損害賠償制度對我國的啟示。本章立足于我國目前立法不夠完善、侵權形式復雜多樣、傳統(tǒng)民事責任制度救濟不足等現實國情,從法律和政策的層面分析我國侵權法適度引入懲罰性損害賠償機制的必要性,提出未來我國侵權法中施加懲罰性損害賠償的類型和標準等具體的立法建議。
[Abstract]:Punitive damages is a special civil remedy system in common law countries. The system has been widely applied to the field of tort law after more than two hundred years of development in the United States. It plays an important role in punishing serious infringement and preventing the occurrence of tort, so it has important reference significance. Based on this, the author studies the punitive damages system of American tort law. The research involves the following main issues: first, what is punitive damages from the perspective of American tort law; second, the reasons for punitive damages; third, the type of tort applicable to punitive damages; fourth, How to determine the appropriate amount when applying punitive damages. This paper focuses on these basic issues, divided into five chapters: the first chapter is a summary of punitive damages in the tort law of the United States, mainly studying the basic theoretical issues of punitive damages. This chapter mainly introduces the definition of punitive damages in tort law of the United States, summarizes its characteristics, and analyzes the relationship between punitive damages and restitution, aggravated damages. Further clarify the nature of punitive damages in American tort law and obtain the theoretical basis for further study. The second chapter is the function research of punitive damages system. This chapter discusses the function of punitive damages system and points out that the main function of this system lies in punishment and intimidation. The theoretical basis of punitive damages system in tort law is obtained. This chapter also tries to introduce the theory of "cost and benefit of behavior" and Hande formula from the angle of economics to analyze the system, which proves the social function of punitive damages from the angle of economics. On the one hand, by increasing the cost of potential aggressors to achieve the purpose of preventing the occurrence of tort in advance; on the other hand, by increasing the benefit of the victim, encouraging the victim to file a lawsuit to achieve the purpose of strengthening the function of legal deterrence. The third chapter is the historical evolution of punitive damages system in American tort law. This chapter introduces the formation and development of the system in the tort law of the United States, especially the (19th century) debate on the existence and abolition of the system and the wave of reform in the 20th century. From the historical point of view, the punitive damages system of American tort law is deeply understood and grasped. After the reform in the 1980s, the United States began to take appropriate legislative and judicial measures to limit the application of punitive damages. The fourth chapter is the relevant provisions of punitive damages in American tort law. As the focal point of this paper, this chapter mainly deconstructs the punitive damages system in the tort law of the United States, interprets the system with its constituent elements and amount as two main elements, and demonstrates the relevant details in detail. It is concluded that the system is applicable to the types of tort. The fifth chapter is the enlightenment of punitive damages system in American tort law. This chapter is based on the current situation of our country, such as imperfect legislation, complicated forms of tort, inadequate relief of traditional civil liability system, and analyzes the necessity of appropriately introducing punitive damages mechanism into tort law from the level of law and policy. This paper puts forward some specific legislative suggestions such as the types and standards of punitive damages to be imposed in tort law of our country in the future.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D971.2;DD913

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 陳英華;淺議我國民事賠償制度中的懲罰性賠償[D];復旦大學;2011年

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本文編號：2240073