激進與保守之間——晚清憲政思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 14:18
【摘要】：1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,中國古老的傳統(tǒng)社會在外力刺激和內(nèi)力作用下,社會政治逐漸轉(zhuǎn)型。洋務(wù)運動、甲午戰(zhàn)爭、戊戌變法、晚清新政、辛亥革命等一系列事件,無疑都程度不同地推動了這一過程。政治轉(zhuǎn)型的重要表現(xiàn)及重要內(nèi)容之一,便是民主政治思潮的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展,其中民主憲政思潮的不斷發(fā)展,成為促進晚清社會政治向近代轉(zhuǎn)型的重要因素。晚清先進知識分子則是這一思潮的主導(dǎo)者,他們積極參與了晚清時期社會政治的改造活動,有力地推動了民主憲政運動的發(fā)展。晚清民主憲政思潮發(fā)展的一個特點是,由保守逐步趨向激進,但是在趨向激進的同時,又盡量保持一種中庸之道。分析其原因,在于深受中國傳統(tǒng)文化熏陶的近代先進知識分子群體,盡量想在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中找到與西方民主憲政的契合點,以便更好地移植嫁接民主憲政這一西方資本主義政治制度。由于諸多因素的影響,晚清進步知識分子群體在有關(guān)國家政治社會的改造問題上意見不一,并逐步分化為兩大派別——立憲派和革命派。雖說兩派在改造社會與政治的理念有所差異,但是他們所要達到的目標(biāo)都是建立資產(chǎn)階級民主憲政,可謂是“殊途同歸”。晚清政治舞臺上的三種政治勢力,資產(chǎn)階級立憲派、資產(chǎn)階級革命派及其清王朝,各自提出了自己的憲政設(shè)計。然而在這三種政治勢力的斗爭產(chǎn)生的合力下,晚清的民主憲政思潮發(fā)展也在激進與保守之間徘徊。晚清憲政思潮的發(fā)展過程中,先進的知識分子群體無疑作出了巨大的貢獻,雖說他們的民主憲政觀存在諸多差異,但是他們大都主張西方資本主義制度要與中國的民族傳統(tǒng)文化相結(jié)合,這樣,民主憲政才會有自己的民族文化特征,才會有生命力。所以,他們的憲政思想也體現(xiàn)了異化與開新同時存在。他們的這種探索,對于我們今天建設(shè)有中國特色的社會主義民主政治,無疑具有借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China's ancient traditional society was gradually transformed by external and internal forces. A series of events, such as the Westernization Movement, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty and the Revolution of 1911, undoubtedly promoted this process to varying degrees. The emergence and development of democratic political thoughts is one of the important manifestations and important contents of political transformation. The continuous development of democratic constitutional thought has become an important factor to promote the transformation from social politics to modern times in the late Qing Dynasty. The advanced intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty were the dominant ideological trend. They took an active part in the reform of social politics in the late Qing Dynasty and promoted the development of the democratic constitutional movement. One of the characteristics of the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was that the trend of thought from conservative to radical gradually became radical, but at the same time, it maintained as much as possible a middle way. The reason for the analysis lies in the group of modern advanced intellectuals deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional culture, who want to find the fit point with the western democratic constitutionalism in the Chinese traditional culture as far as possible. In order to better transplant democratic constitutionalism, a Western capitalist political system. Due to the influence of many factors, the progressive intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty had different opinions on the reform of the national political society, and gradually divided into two major facts-the constitutionalism and the revolutionaries. Although the two schools have different ideas in reforming society and politics, their goal is to establish bourgeois democratic constitutionalism. Three political forces on the political stage of late Qing Dynasty, bourgeois constitutionalism, bourgeois revolutionaries and their Qing Dynasty, each put forward their own constitutional design. However, under the resultant force of the struggle of these three political forces, the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty also lingered between radicalism and conservatism. In the course of the development of constitutional thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the advanced intellectuals undoubtedly made great contributions, although their views on democratic constitutionalism had many differences. However, most of them advocate that the western capitalist system should be combined with the Chinese traditional culture, so that the democratic constitutionalism will have its own national cultural characteristics and vitality. Therefore, their constitutionalism thought also manifested the alienation and the opening new existence simultaneously. Their exploration is undoubtedly of great significance for us to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;D921
本文編號：2193918
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China's ancient traditional society was gradually transformed by external and internal forces. A series of events, such as the Westernization Movement, the Sino-Japanese War, the Reform Movement of 1898, the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty and the Revolution of 1911, undoubtedly promoted this process to varying degrees. The emergence and development of democratic political thoughts is one of the important manifestations and important contents of political transformation. The continuous development of democratic constitutional thought has become an important factor to promote the transformation from social politics to modern times in the late Qing Dynasty. The advanced intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty were the dominant ideological trend. They took an active part in the reform of social politics in the late Qing Dynasty and promoted the development of the democratic constitutional movement. One of the characteristics of the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty was that the trend of thought from conservative to radical gradually became radical, but at the same time, it maintained as much as possible a middle way. The reason for the analysis lies in the group of modern advanced intellectuals deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional culture, who want to find the fit point with the western democratic constitutionalism in the Chinese traditional culture as far as possible. In order to better transplant democratic constitutionalism, a Western capitalist political system. Due to the influence of many factors, the progressive intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty had different opinions on the reform of the national political society, and gradually divided into two major facts-the constitutionalism and the revolutionaries. Although the two schools have different ideas in reforming society and politics, their goal is to establish bourgeois democratic constitutionalism. Three political forces on the political stage of late Qing Dynasty, bourgeois constitutionalism, bourgeois revolutionaries and their Qing Dynasty, each put forward their own constitutional design. However, under the resultant force of the struggle of these three political forces, the development of democratic constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty also lingered between radicalism and conservatism. In the course of the development of constitutional thought in the late Qing Dynasty, the advanced intellectuals undoubtedly made great contributions, although their views on democratic constitutionalism had many differences. However, most of them advocate that the western capitalist system should be combined with the Chinese traditional culture, so that the democratic constitutionalism will have its own national cultural characteristics and vitality. Therefore, their constitutionalism thought also manifested the alienation and the opening new existence simultaneously. Their exploration is undoubtedly of great significance for us to build socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D929;D921
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 周佳佳;從漢冶萍公司的興衰看晚清的憲政缺失[D];西南政法大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號：2193918
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