【摘要】： 魏源(1794—1857)原名遠(yuǎn)達(dá),字默深,湖南邵陽(yáng)縣金潭(今屬隆回縣金潭鄉(xiāng))人。是中國(guó)近代史上介紹西方的政治法律制度的先驅(qū)者之一,是鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后地主階級(jí)改革派的杰出代表。 魏源在政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等方面都形成了比較全面的法律思想體系。魏源法律思想的形成,受到了封建社會(huì)法律思想的影響。近代“內(nèi)憂外患”的時(shí)局,也促使魏源在政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等方面為維護(hù)清政府統(tǒng)治在法律方面尋找理論基礎(chǔ)。他長(zhǎng)期在要職官員的幕府中工作,故更加注意治民、治吏、治軍、對(duì)外交涉。他的思想傾向變法是其法律思想形成的又一重要來(lái)源。政治上,他反對(duì)外國(guó)資本主義侵略,提出“師夷長(zhǎng)技”的主張,主張慎選官吏,嚴(yán)懲貪滑,整頓吏治;軍事上,他既主張嚴(yán)法對(duì)軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行管束,又順應(yīng)軍隊(duì)近代化的歷史發(fā)展趨勢(shì),在軍隊(duì)操練、營(yíng)隊(duì)管理、選將取士方面學(xué)習(xí)西法,建設(shè)近代軍隊(duì);他努力探索解決在維護(hù)社會(huì)的安定,怎么治理民眾上的問(wèn)題。他主張用“安猛得宜”的方式來(lái)管理社會(huì),強(qiáng)化威懾民眾的權(quán)威力量,嚴(yán)刑鎮(zhèn)壓破壞封建統(tǒng)治秩序者,同時(shí)還希望用施以法外之仁、安撫民生等方式來(lái)緩解統(tǒng)治危機(jī),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)整個(gè)國(guó)家的繁榮昌盛;經(jīng)濟(jì)上,魏源主張富民,也參與對(duì)漕運(yùn)、鹽政、水利各項(xiàng)事關(guān)國(guó)計(jì)民生大事的管理模式的改革,中外經(jīng)濟(jì)往來(lái)更是注意依法維護(hù)自身權(quán)益;外交上,魏源已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研究西方律例,提出禁止鴉片與開(kāi)展正當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)外貿(mào)易,他希望借助國(guó)際法來(lái)解決國(guó)與國(guó)之間的爭(zhēng)端,初步萌生了近代外交觀念。他反對(duì)中外不平等條約,也反對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)統(tǒng)治者麻木愚蠢的外交行為;同時(shí)魏源還具有明確的國(guó)際法意識(shí),這可以說(shuō)是對(duì)近代外交關(guān)系較早的朦朧覺(jué)悟。 魏源的法律思想屬于近代地主階級(jí)改革派法律思想的歷史范疇。他前期法律思想具有強(qiáng)烈的維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治的傾向,但就其整個(gè)法律思想的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)言,在當(dāng)時(shí)確實(shí)是向封建末世君主專(zhuān)制王權(quán)的挑戰(zhàn),他倡導(dǎo)言論自由的主張,已經(jīng)初步顯示出當(dāng)時(shí)知識(shí)分子對(duì)民主的朦朧需求,顯示出中國(guó)早期民主思想的特色,也是魏源對(duì)西方政治制度認(rèn)可的思想基礎(chǔ)。魏源的法律思想對(duì)晚清政局、中國(guó)近代化進(jìn)程、中國(guó)外交都有很深刻的影響。
[Abstract]:Wei Yuan (1794-1857) was born in Jintan, Shaoyang County, Hunan Province (now belongs to Jintan Township, Longhui County). He was one of the pioneers in introducing the western political and legal system in modern history of China and an outstanding representative of the landlord class reformers after the Opium War.
Wei Yuan formed a relatively comprehensive legal system in politics, military affairs, economy and diplomacy. The formation of Wei Yuan's legal thought was influenced by the legal thought of feudal society. On the basis of his long-term work in the shogunate of high-ranking officials, he paid more attention to governing the people, officials, the army and foreign relations. He advocated not only strict control over the army, but also conformed to the historical trend of the modernization of the army. He studied western law in military drilling, battalion management, and selection of officers and men to build a modern army. At the same time, he hoped to alleviate the ruling crisis and promote the prosperity of the whole country by means of extrajudicial benevolence and appeasing the people's livelihood; economically, Wei Yuan advocated enriching the people and also participated in the management of water transport, salt policy and water conservancy, which are related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Diplomatically, Wei Yuan has begun to study western laws and regulations, and proposed to prohibit opium and develop legitimate foreign trade. He hoped to solve disputes between countries by means of international law, which initially gave birth to modern diplomatic concepts. He opposed unequal treaties between China and foreign countries, but also opposed them. At the same time, Wei Yuan also had a clear awareness of international law, which can be said to be the early vague awareness of modern diplomatic relations.
Wei Yuan's legal thoughts belong to the historical category of the legal thoughts of the reformists of the landlord class in modern times. His early legal thoughts had a strong tendency to safeguard the feudal rule, but from the point of view of his whole legal thoughts, it was indeed a challenge to the autocratic monarchy of the late feudal era. His advocacy of freedom of speech had been preliminarily demonstrated. The vague demand of intellectuals for democracy at that time showed the characteristics of early Chinese democratic thought and the ideological basis of Wei Yuan's recognition of Western political system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D909.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李志威;魏源宗教思想研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2192629