法律人與美國憲政體制的確立
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 19:34
【摘要】： 美國以其1787年美國憲法與《權(quán)利法案》為基礎(chǔ),形成與發(fā)展出了世界上比較完備的憲政體系。其中既有體現(xiàn)民主的理念與內(nèi)容,同時又有權(quán)力分立平衡與制約的科學(xué)制度安排與設(shè)計。該憲法的實(shí)行與完善不但保證了美國開國至今二百多年間的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展、政治長期穩(wěn)定、人民各項社會權(quán)利得到了最大限度的保障,而且對其他國家近代憲政體制建設(shè)事業(yè)產(chǎn)生了巨大推動作用,對憲政體系正在逐步進(jìn)步與完善中的我國產(chǎn)生了積極和深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 通過初步考察可以發(fā)現(xiàn),美國憲法偉大成就的取得與美國杰出的立憲者們在智慧地吸收了人類大量原有先進(jìn)的法律文化成果的基礎(chǔ)上,使之與美國實(shí)際國情進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的結(jié)合與發(fā)展有直接而重要的關(guān)系。而在這些杰出的美國立憲者中,人數(shù)所占比例巨大的法律飽學(xué)之士又起到絕對中流砥柱的作用,也就是本文所說的那些“美國開國法律人”。從“憲政辯論”開始,中經(jīng)《獨(dú)立宣言》制定、《邦聯(lián)條款》制定、1787年美利堅合眾國聯(lián)邦憲法的制定與推動憲法的被各州批準(zhǔn),到1791年12月《權(quán)利法案》成為憲法的一個重要組成部分,憲政體制終于在美國確立,其間以職業(yè)律師為主體的法律人一直居于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層內(nèi)主導(dǎo)與主力軍的地位。本文的研究視角就是從法律人這一主體角度分析法律人對美國憲政確立的影響,重點(diǎn)說明法律人在整個美國憲政體制確立中的影響與卓越貢獻(xiàn)。 本文對該項論題的研究,意圖通過探尋200多年前那批果敢優(yōu)秀的美國法律人在波瀾壯闊的美國立憲中的作用與貢獻(xiàn),使我們確立正確的文明社會憲政體系建設(shè)觀,以及鼓勵與鞭策法律人更加努力地去為我們國家的政治文明事業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。
[Abstract]:On the basis of American Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1787, the United States formed and developed a relatively complete constitutional system in the world. There are not only the idea and content of democracy, but also the arrangement and design of scientific system. The implementation and perfection of the Constitution not only guaranteed the rapid economic development of the United States for more than two hundred years since the founding of the United States, the long-term political stability, and the maximum protection of the people's social rights. Moreover, it has played a great role in promoting the construction of constitutional system in other countries in modern times, and has had a positive and far-reaching impact on our country, which is gradually progressing and perfecting the constitutional system. Through a preliminary investigation, we can find that the great achievements of the United States Constitution and the outstanding constitutionalists in the United States have absorbed a large number of original advanced legal and cultural achievements of mankind intelligently. It has a direct and important relationship with the creative combination and development of the actual conditions of the United States. And among these outstanding American constitutionalists, the large proportion of law scholars played the role of absolute mainstay, that is, the "founding law people of the United States". Beginning with the "Constitutional debate," the Declaration of Independence, the Confederacy Clause, the federal constitution of the United States of America in 1787, and the ratification of the Constitution by the states, In December, 1791, the Bill of Rights became an important part of the Constitution, and the constitutional system was finally established in the United States. The research angle of this paper is to analyze the influence of the legal person on the establishment of American constitutionalism from the angle of the subject of legal person, and to explain emphatically the influence and outstanding contribution of the legal person in the establishment of the whole constitutional system of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and contribution of the bold and outstanding American legal personnel in the magnificent constitution of the United States more than 200 years ago, so that we can establish a correct view of the construction of the constitutional system of civil society. And to encourage and spur legal people to work harder to contribute to the cause of political civilization in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：DD911;D971.2
本文編號：2172832
[Abstract]:On the basis of American Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1787, the United States formed and developed a relatively complete constitutional system in the world. There are not only the idea and content of democracy, but also the arrangement and design of scientific system. The implementation and perfection of the Constitution not only guaranteed the rapid economic development of the United States for more than two hundred years since the founding of the United States, the long-term political stability, and the maximum protection of the people's social rights. Moreover, it has played a great role in promoting the construction of constitutional system in other countries in modern times, and has had a positive and far-reaching impact on our country, which is gradually progressing and perfecting the constitutional system. Through a preliminary investigation, we can find that the great achievements of the United States Constitution and the outstanding constitutionalists in the United States have absorbed a large number of original advanced legal and cultural achievements of mankind intelligently. It has a direct and important relationship with the creative combination and development of the actual conditions of the United States. And among these outstanding American constitutionalists, the large proportion of law scholars played the role of absolute mainstay, that is, the "founding law people of the United States". Beginning with the "Constitutional debate," the Declaration of Independence, the Confederacy Clause, the federal constitution of the United States of America in 1787, and the ratification of the Constitution by the states, In December, 1791, the Bill of Rights became an important part of the Constitution, and the constitutional system was finally established in the United States. The research angle of this paper is to analyze the influence of the legal person on the establishment of American constitutionalism from the angle of the subject of legal person, and to explain emphatically the influence and outstanding contribution of the legal person in the establishment of the whole constitutional system of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and contribution of the bold and outstanding American legal personnel in the magnificent constitution of the United States more than 200 years ago, so that we can establish a correct view of the construction of the constitutional system of civil society. And to encourage and spur legal people to work harder to contribute to the cause of political civilization in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：DD911;D971.2
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