本文選題：憲政觀(guān)念 + 憲法移植與變遷�。� 參考：《青島大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 近代中國(guó),堪稱(chēng)世界性的“憲法博覽會(huì)”、“行憲試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)”。而近代憲法作為工具性憲法,義不容辭地承擔(dān)起了“皇權(quán)永固、外患減輕、內(nèi)亂可弭”的歷史使命。繼清末民初憲政帷幕的拉開(kāi),在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、思想文化等內(nèi)外誘因的催生之下,北洋政府時(shí)期大量移植域外憲法成為大勢(shì)所趨,尤以德國(guó)、日本憲法影響最為深遠(yuǎn)。但在當(dāng)時(shí),憲法的植入與變遷卻呈現(xiàn)出“水土不服”、“變異本土化”之特征。在此階段,不管是官方、黨派、社會(huì)組織、被喚醒的改革者,甚至社會(huì)民眾,都開(kāi)始構(gòu)思憲政建設(shè)的路徑,且在一定程度上付諸實(shí)踐。比如,有名無(wú)實(shí)的《中華民國(guó)憲法草案》、《中華民國(guó)約法》、《中華民國(guó)憲法》、《中華民國(guó)憲法案》等官方憲法的頒布；命途多舛的中國(guó)社會(huì)黨、無(wú)政府主義黨團(tuán)、國(guó)民黨、新中國(guó)黨支部等黨派對(duì)憲政模式的探索；勢(shì)如破竹的新民學(xué)會(huì)、新潮社、少年中國(guó)學(xué)會(huì)等自治組織對(duì)社會(huì)革命的推進(jìn)；銳意革新的《新青年》、《每周評(píng)論》、《新潮》等報(bào)刊雜志對(duì)馬克思主義新思潮的傳播；孜孜不倦的憲政先行者如孫中山、張君勱、李大釗、陳獨(dú)秀等人以及社會(huì)民眾對(duì)現(xiàn)代憲政的追逐。這些救贖國(guó)家與民族的舉措使得憲政理念逐漸深入人心。雖然北洋政府時(shí)期憲法是政權(quán)爭(zhēng)奪的“胭脂粉飾”,是“因人設(shè)法”來(lái)鞏固軍閥專(zhuān)制的產(chǎn)物,其在制憲、行憲過(guò)稱(chēng)中也充滿(mǎn)坎坷、挫折甚至荒唐的鬧劇,但也有值得肯定、至少是值得認(rèn)真研究的經(jīng)驗(yàn),這些對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)憲政的建構(gòu)還是具有一定的參鑒作用。
[Abstract]:Modern China, can be called the world's "Constitution Expo", "Constitutional testing ground." As an instrumental constitution, modern constitution is duty-bound to undertake the historical mission of "the imperial power is fixed forever, the external troubles are alleviated, and the civil strife can be eliminated". Following the opening of the constitutional curtain at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the help of internal and external inducements such as politics, economy, ideology and culture, it became a general trend for the Beiyang Government to transplant a large number of extraterritorial constitutions, especially in Germany and Japan, which had the most far-reaching influence. But at that time, the constitution's implantation and vicissitude showed the characteristics of "not accepting the soil" and "mutating localization". At this stage, officials, parties, social organizations, awakened reformers, and even the public began to conceive the path of constitutional construction and put it into practice to a certain extent. For example, the promulgation of official constitutions such as the draft Constitution of the Republic of China, the Constitution case of the Republic of China, the ill-fated Socialist Party of China, the anarchist party group, the Kuomintang, etc. The party branch of the people's Republic of China and other parties have explored the constitutional model, and the self-governing organizations, such as the New people's Association, the New trend Society and the Junior China Society, have pushed forward the social revolution. "New Youth", "Weekly Review", "New Trends" and other newspapers and magazines spread the new Marxist trend of thought; tireless constitutional pioneers such as Sun Zhongshan, Zhang Junmai, Li Dazhao, The pursuit of modern constitutionalism by Chen Duxiu et al. These measures to save the country and the nation make the constitutional concept gradually popular. Although the constitution of the Beiyang Government was a "rouge whitewash" for political power, it was the product of "trying to consolidate the dictatorship of the warlords because of people's efforts". It was also full of ups and downs, setbacks and even absurd farces in the constitution-making and constitutionalism, but it was also worthy of recognition. At least it is worth studying the experience, these still have certain reference function to the construction of social constitutionalism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D921;D929

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 魏光成;新潮社政治觀(guān)念研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號(hào)：2004608