本文選題：超級基金 + 責(zé)任機制　； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,人類活動對環(huán)境影響的廣度和深度日益擴大,產(chǎn)生危險廢物的種類和數(shù)量也逐漸增多。危險廢物具有有毒性、難分解、腐蝕性等特點,對其管理、處置與整個社會的切身利益緊密相關(guān),如果不能適當(dāng)處置,將會危害人體健康,同時也會破壞自然資源。而在生產(chǎn)活動中,不可避免會發(fā)生一些危險廢物泄露或者泄露威脅的事件,當(dāng)發(fā)生危險廢物泄露或者泄露威脅時,如何判定責(zé)任主體、進行何種清理或救助以及怎樣分擔(dān)反應(yīng)費用等問題為我們所關(guān)注。 美國《超級基金法》是一部在已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生危險廢物泄露或泄露威脅的情況下,潛在責(zé)任人如何進行清理或救助危險廢物場所的法律,旨在通過清理或救助行動,改變?nèi)藗兎抢硇缘纳a(chǎn)方式,實現(xiàn)保護居民健康和自然環(huán)境的目標(biāo)。該法規(guī)定的責(zé)任機制,為清理或救助危險廢物場所提供法律依據(jù);該法規(guī)定的超級基金制度,為清理和救助危險廢物場所提供資金支持。從中我們可看到環(huán)境立法發(fā)生的一些變化:危險廢物泄露或者泄露的威脅、危險廢物場所的治理不僅需要技術(shù)、責(zé)任機制的支持,經(jīng)濟方面的支撐也同樣重要。 論文以“責(zé)任”為主線,貫穿于美國《超級基金法》法律制度寫作過程之中,力求較為完整地、客觀地展現(xiàn)該法對危險廢物場所治理或救助工作所所取得的成效。本文對美國《超級基金法》的立法背景、發(fā)展歷程、主要內(nèi)容以及成就和不足之處進行分析,總結(jié)出該法的一些理念、思路和方法,以期對我國危險廢物治理的立法工作有所助益。通過對美國《超級基金法》沿革的敘述,指出法律是隨著社會經(jīng)濟和政治的發(fā)展而發(fā)展;通過分析和闡述危險廢物泄露的定義、責(zé)任主體、責(zé)任原則、責(zé)任構(gòu)成等內(nèi)容,指出該法的基本框架和核心所在;通過考察超級基金制度,總結(jié)該制度的實施所取得的成就以及存在的不足:結(jié)合我國有關(guān)危險廢物的立法狀況,希望對美國《超級基金法》的相關(guān)研究,為我國危險廢物法制建設(shè)提出有益建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the impact of human activities on the environment is expanding day by day, and the types and quantities of hazardous wastes are also increasing. Hazardous waste has the characteristics of toxicity, indecomposability and corrosiveness. The management and disposal of hazardous waste is closely related to the vital interests of the whole society. If not properly disposed, it will endanger human health and destroy natural resources. However, in production activities, there will inevitably be some incidents of hazardous waste leakage or the threat of leakage. When a hazardous waste leakage or leakage threat occurs, how to determine the subject responsible, The question of what kind of clean-up or rescue is being carried out and how to share the cost of the response is a matter of concern. The U. S. Superfund Act is a system that has created the threat of hazardous waste leaks or leaks. The law on how to clean up or rescue hazardous waste sites is aimed at changing people's irrational mode of production and realizing the goal of protecting residents' health and natural environment through cleaning or rescuing. The liability mechanism provided by the Act provides a legal basis for the clean-up or rescue of hazardous waste sites; the superfund system under the Act provides financial support for the clean-up and rescue of hazardous waste sites. From this we can see some changes in environmental legislation: hazardous waste leakage or the threat of leakage, hazardous waste site management not only needs technology, responsibility mechanism support, The economic support is also important. The thesis takes "liability" as the main line, runs through the writing process of the superfund law in the United States, and strives to be more complete. The effectiveness of the method in hazardous waste site management or rescue is demonstrated objectively. This paper analyzes the legislative background, development course, main contents, achievements and shortcomings of the US Superfund Act, and summarizes some ideas, ideas and methods of the Act. With a view to our country's hazardous waste treatment of the legislative work is helpful. By describing the evolution of the superfund law of the United States, it is pointed out that the law develops with the development of social economy and politics, and by analyzing and expounding the definition of hazardous waste leakage, the subject of responsibility, the principle of liability, the constitution of liability, etc. Pointing out the basic framework and core of the law, summarizing the achievements and shortcomings in the implementation of the superfund system by examining the superfund system: considering the status of our country's legislation on hazardous wastes, It is hoped that the relevant research on the superfund law of the United States will provide useful suggestions for the construction of hazardous waste legal system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;DD912.28

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